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Evidence for PTSD as a Systemic Disorder

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Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a prevalence of 6.8 % among the American population and an even greater prevalence among combat veterans. The conventional view of PTSD has been as a psychological adjustment disorder characterized by depression and anxiety in response to stressful circumstances. Recently, however, it has become apparent that it is much more than a psychological adjustment disorder. This began with the appreciation of the fact that dementia is much more common in PTSD, suggesting neurological changes in the disorder. There is now evidence for psychiatric changes (e.g., mood disorders, substance use and abuse), cardiovascular changes, autoimmune changes (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), tumorigenic changes, etc. The goal of this chapter is to briefly review the evidence for systemic involvement in preparation for subsequent chapters that will focus on detailed discussions of each organ system.

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Abbreviations

AB:

Alcohol abuse

AD:

Alcohol dependency

CRH:

Corticotropin releasing hormone

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DSM:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

FT3:

Free triiodothyronine

FT4:

Free thyroxine

HPA:

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

HPT:

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid

HR:

Heart rate

MDD:

Major depressive disorder

PTSD:

Posttraumatic stress disorder

T3:

Protein-bound triiodothyronine

T4:

Protein-bound thyroxine

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  1. UTHealth Department of Neurology, Neurocognitive Disorders Center, 1941 East Road, Suite 4358, Houston, TX, 77054, USA

    Avram Bukhbinder & Paul E. Schulz

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  1. Avram Bukhbinder
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Correspondence to Paul E. Schulz .

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  1. Buckinghamshire New University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom

    Colin R. Martin

  2. Kings College, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Bukhbinder, A., Schulz, P.E. (2016). Evidence for PTSD as a Systemic Disorder. In: Martin, C., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_106-2

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    Evidence for PTSD as a Systemic Disorder
    Published:
    29 January 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_106-2

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    Evidence for PTSD as a Systemic Disorder
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    14 September 2015

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_106-1

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