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Molecular Promiscuity of Plant Polyphenols in the Management of Age-Related Diseases: Far Beyond Their Antioxidant Properties

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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non-communicable Diseases - Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 824))

Abstract

The use of plant-derived polyphenols for the management of diseases has been under debate in the last decades. Most studies have focused on the specific effects of polyphenols on particular targets, while ignoring their pleiotropic character. The multitargeted character of polyphenols, a plausible consequence of their molecular promiscuity, may suppose an opportunity to fight multifactorial diseases. Therefore, a wider perspective is urgently needed to elucidate whether their rational use as bioactive food components may be valid for the management of diseases. In this chapter, we discuss the most likely targets of polyphenols that may account for their salutary effects from a global perspective. Among these targets, the modulation of signalling and energy-sensitive pathways, oxidative stress and inflammation-related processes, mitochondrial functionality, epigenetic machinery, histone acetylation and membrane-dependent processes play central roles in polyphenols’ mechanisms of action.

Sufficient evidence on polyphenols has accumulated for them to be considered a serious option for the management of non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and obesity, as well as infectious diseases. The remaining unresolved issues that must be seriously addressed are their bioavailability, metabolite detection, specific molecular targets, interactions and toxicity. The Xenohormesis hypothesis, which postulates that polyphenols are the product of plant evolutive adaptation to stress and conferee their resistance to mammals, offers a reasonable explanation to justify the beneficial and non-toxic effects of plant mixtures, but do not fully meet expectations. Hence, future research must be supported by the use of complex polypharmacology approaches and synergic studies focused on the understanding of the pleiotropic effects of polyphenols. Revisiting polyphenol mechanisms of action with the help of these techniques may allow for the improvement of human health and wellness by using intelligent nutritional intervention.

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Acknowledgements

Concepts expressed in this review have been discussed and approved by investigators from the Bioactive Food Component Platform which is currently being supported by competitive public grants from different Institutions (CD08/00283, SAF2009-11579, PI08/1381; PI08/1032, PI08/1175, PI011/130, P11-CTS-7625, GREIB.PT.2011.18, AGL2011-29857-C03-03, PROMETEO/2012/007, ACOMP/2013/093 CIBER CB12/03/30038).

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, Alicante, E-03202, Spain

    Enrique Barrajón-Catalán, María Herranz-López & Vicente Micol

  2. Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain

    Jorge Joven & Carlos Alonso-Villaverde

  3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Antonio Segura-Carretero

  4. Head of the Traslation Research Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology and Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain

    Javier A. Menéndez

  5. CIBER (CB12/03/30038, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Vicente Micol

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  1. Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
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  2. María Herranz-López
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  3. Jorge Joven
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  4. Antonio Segura-Carretero
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  5. Carlos Alonso-Villaverde
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  6. Javier A. Menéndez
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  7. Vicente Micol
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Correspondence to Vicente Micol .

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  1. Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, URV, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Reus, Spain

    Jordi Camps

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Barrajón-Catalán, E. et al. (2014). Molecular Promiscuity of Plant Polyphenols in the Management of Age-Related Diseases: Far Beyond Their Antioxidant Properties. In: Camps, J. (eds) Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non-communicable Diseases - Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 824. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0_11

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