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Advances in Microbial Insect Control in Horticultural Ecosystem

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Sustainable Horticultural Systems

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 2))

Abstract

The use of microbial organisms as biological control agents has progressed significantly since Metschnikoff launched the first attempt at microbial insect control with Metarhizium anisopliae in 1879. Following the lead of Metschnikoff, entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria and viruses have been extensively studied for commercialization and practical use as biopesticides in inundative releases against insect pests in various cropping systems. However, compared with chemical insecticides, these microbial products represent less than 2 % of the total insecticide market share. Factors such as control efficacy, cost, formulation, shelf life, application techniques, and persistence have limited the commercial use of these microbial control agents in insect pest management. This review discusses research advances for entomopathogens, especially commercialization, formulation and application techniques, for microbial biocontrol of insect pests in the horticultural ecosystem.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Western Triangle Ag Research Center, Montana State University, 59425, Conrad, MT, USA

    Shaohui Wu & Gadi V.P. Reddy

  2. USDA ARS Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, 59270, Sidney, MT, USA

    Stefan T. Jaronski

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  3. Stefan T. Jaronski
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Correspondence to Gadi V.P. Reddy .

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  1. Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Dilip Nandwani

Conclusion

Conclusion

Despite the high desirability of utilizing environmentally safe biopesticides , the commercial development and broad-scale use of these microbial biocontrol agents are still largely limited, due to high costs to manufacturers and end-users, short shelf-life, and unstable and inconsistent field efficacies. In addition, some highly pathogenic microbials, like virus and some nematode species (i.e. Steinernema scarabaei (Koppenhöfer and Fuzy 2003; Koppenhöfer et al. 2004)) , still have difficulty in massive scale production in vitro, although significant improvements have been achieved for the commercial production of microbial biopesticides in the past few decades. Future research should be directed to selection of more virulent strains or biotypes with broader spectra of target hosts via traditional or transgenic tools; improvement of technology in mass production to lower the costs and increase production capacity. Also, enhancement in product stability via formulations would be another direction for future research to optimize the field performance of entomopathogens. Finally, multi-categories of biopesticides with different mode of actions are desired to avoid the development of pest resistance and resurgence.

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Dr. David I. Shapiro-Ilan from the USDA-ARS (Byron, GA) for technical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by FY 2011 USDA’s Pest Management Alternatives Program (PMAP), Special Research Grants Program (Award No 2011-34381-20051).

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Wu, S., Reddy, G., Jaronski, S. (2014). Advances in Microbial Insect Control in Horticultural Ecosystem. In: Nandwani, D. (eds) Sustainable Horticultural Systems. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06904-3_10

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