Abstract
Shaft crack detection is a very serious problem and machines that are suspected of having a crack should be carefully and continuously monitored. The importance attributed to this problem is addressed to the serious consequences when cracks are not early identified in rotating systems. Although there are no statistical studies that account for the exact dimension of the damage caused by cracks in rotating shafts, estimations reveal that approximately $1 billion were expended in repairs, exchanges, loss of production, etc., in electrical industries, nuclear, and conventional, since the 1970s. Significant research effort has been directed in recent years to online monitoring techniques, i.e., based on vibration signals measured during rotor operation. However, most of these techniques are able to only detect deep cracks. In this context, the aim of this paper relies on the detection of incipient faults in rotating shafts by using the so-called electromechanical impedance method. Basically, this structural health monitoring technique—SHM monitors changes in the electric impedance of piezoelectric transducers bonded to (or embedded into) the host structure, through specific mathematic equations, the so-called damage metrics, to detect damage. This is possible since that the electrical impedance of the transducer is directly related to the mechanical impedance of the structure. Previously, successful experimental tests were performed in a horizontal rotor supported by roller bearings in which PZT patches were bonded along the rotor shaft. Although successful, the use of rigid PZT patches seems to be disadvantageous. Aiming at overcoming the drawbacks previously faced, in this contribution flexible transducers (MFC—macro fiber composites) are bonded along the shaft. A small mass was added on the shaft to simulate a fault condition (small structural modification). The technique was validated for the rotor under operation.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Brazilian Research Agencies FAPEMIG and CNPq (INCT-EIE) and also to CAPES for the financial support provided for this research work.
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Cavalini, A.A., Finzi Neto, R.M., Steffen, V. (2015). Fault Detection in a Rotating Machine by Using the Electromechanical Impedance Method. In: Pennacchi, P. (eds) Proceedings of the 9th IFToMM International Conference on Rotor Dynamics. Mechanisms and Machine Science, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06590-8_57
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06590-8_57
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