Abstract
In the last decades, women have moved across many boundaries: in labour participation and professional work, in political commitment and elected office, in scientific research and education, in cross-border flows, and in daring to question why theologies and churches exclude them from hierarchy and power. The discourse and narratives of women’s hopes have been greatly enriched by a myriad experiences in different arenas and by soaring demands not only to be heard but to have authority and influence in decision-making. The diversity and richness of this movement has intertwined with neoliberalism with very mixed results. While neoliberal policies have opened up economic opportunities that diverse groups of women, both rich and poor, have benefited from, such policies have failed to inspire the profound changes needed to balance men’s and women’s roles in paid and unpaid work, in gaining freedom and entrepreneurship, in providing care and sociability, and in receiving respect and recognition.
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Notes
- 1.
This chapter was presented and discussed at the Committee for Development Policy of the UN Economic and Development Council in New York, 28 April 2009 and is unpublished.
- 2.
A few years earlier, Marie-France Lebrecque (personal communication), in her study of rural development in Mexico, had posited a double masculine domination, as gendered institutions were added to traditional cultural domination.
- 3.
Note that figures on international migration are based primarily on the number of foreign persons registered in national censuses and other official sources. They therefore do not include undocumented migrants, nor those involved in the trafficking of human beings, in the drug trade, or in other criminal activities. See the website at: http://esa.un.org/migration.
- 4.
The ‘demographic bonus’, in Spanish ‘bono demográfico’, is the bulge in demographic growth in many developing nations occurring just after the demographic transition and which, in most countries, is seen as a dynamic way to have young people promote economic growth.
- 5.
In the last decade, Mexico has risen to one of the highest levels of child obesity in the world.
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Arizpe, L. (2014). Women Moving Across Boundaries: Movements and Migrations. In: Migration, Women and Social Development. SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice(), vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06572-4_5
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