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mRNA Degradation and Decay

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Fungal RNA Biology

Abstract

Why is it important to understand mRNA degradation in a cell? First, RNA degradation has a clearing function and removes RNAs arising from transcription, splicing, export, or translation “accidents” to ensure robust gene expression (see Chap. 8). Second, while regulation of gene expression has a very important transcription component, mRNAs must be turned over rapidly for fast changes in transcriptome composition. Coordinated destabilization of an entire class of mRNAs can promote major physiological changes in a cell. Third, specific mechanisms of mRNA decay can serve to regulate gene expression through feedback control. Research on these topics has been frequently done first with yeasts and led to a better understanding of gene expression in eukaryotes. We start with an overview of the methods for measuring mRNA decay on a large scale with an emphasis on how technical issues affect the current picture of global mRNA decay in yeast. Next, we describe the importance of nuclear degradation in shaping the stable transcriptome. Once in the cytoplasm, mRNAs are exposed to translation and we provide an overview of the complexes and individual enzymes that ensure progressive deadenylation, mRNA decapping, and 5′ to 3′ or 3′ to 5′ exonucleolytic RNA degradation. Finally, how organelle transcripts are degraded in mitochondria is briefly exposed.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Alain Jacquier and Frank Feuerbach for criticism of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Institut Pasteur, the CNRS, and the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-2011-BSV6-011-02 and ANR-2008-JCJC-0019-01/GENO-GIM).

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  1. Génétique des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Institut PASTEUR (UMR3525-CNRS), 25 rue du Docteur ROUX, 75015, Paris, France

    Micheline Fromont-Racine & Cosmin Saveanu

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  1. Micheline Fromont-Racine
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  2. Cosmin Saveanu
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Correspondence to Micheline Fromont-Racine or Cosmin Saveanu .

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  1. Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genom, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain

    Ane Sesma

  2. Kent Fungal Group School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom

    Tobias von der Haar

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Fromont-Racine, M., Saveanu, C. (2014). mRNA Degradation and Decay. In: Sesma, A., von der Haar, T. (eds) Fungal RNA Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05687-6_7

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