Skip to main content
  • 139 Accesses

Abstract

Several methods involving skin reactions are discussed in other chapters, such as

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 2,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 5,499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Further Reading

NC/Nga Mouse as Model for Atopic Dermatitis

  • Aioi A, Tonogaito H, Suto H, Hamada K, Ra CR, Ogawa H, Maibach H, Matsuda H (2001) Impairment of skin barrier function in NC/Nga Tnd mice as a possible model for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 144:12–18

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arai I, Takano N, Hashimoto Y, Futaki N, Sugimoto M, Takahashi N, Inoue T, Nakaike S (2004) Prostanoid DP1 receptor agonist inhibits the pruritic activity in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 505:229–235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barton D, Hogen-Esch H, Weih F (2000) Mice lacking the transcription factor ReIB develop T cell-dependent skin lesions similar to human atopic dermatitis. Eur J Immunol 30:2323–2332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan LS, Robinson N, Xu L (2001) Expression of interleukin-4 in the epidermis of transgenic mice results in a pruritic inflammatory skin disease: an experimental animal model to study atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 117:977–983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herz U, Schnoy N, Borelli S, Weigl L, Käsbohrer U, Daser A, Wahn U, Köttgen E, Ranz H (1998) A human-SCID mouse model for allergic immune response. Bacterial superantigen enhances skin inflammation and suppresses IgE production. J Invest Dermatol 110:224–231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiroi J, Sengoku T, Morita K, Kishi S, Sato S, Ogawa T, Tsudzuki M, Wada A, Esaki K (1998) Effect of tacrolimus hydrate (FK506) ointment on spontaneous dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 76:175–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • HogenEsch H, Gijbels MJ, Offerman E, van Hooft J, van Bekkum DW, Zurcher C (1993) A spontaneous mutation characterized by chronic proliferative dermatitis in C57BL mice. Am J Pathol 143:972–982

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hossen MA, Fujii Y, Ogawa M, Takubo M, Tsumuro T, Kamei C (2005) Effect of loratadine on mouse models of atopic dermatitis associated pruritus. Int Immunopharmacol 5:1331–1336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iwasaki T, Tanaka A, Itakura A, Yamashita N, Ohta K, Matsuda H, Onuma M (2001) Atopic NC/Nga mice as a model for allergic asthma: severe allergic responses by single intranasal challenge with protein antigen. J Vet Med Sci 63:413–419

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohara Y, Tanabe K, Matsuoka K, Kanda N, Matsuda H, Karasuyama H, Yonekawa H (2001) A major determinant quantitative-trait locus responsible for atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice is located on chromosome 9. Immunogenetics 53:15–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konishi H, Tsutsui H, Murakami T, Yumikura-Futatsugi S, Yamanaka KI, Tanaka M, Iwakura Y, Suzuki N, Takeda K, Akira S, Nakanishi K, Mizutani H (2002) IL-18 contributes to the spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory skin lesion independently of IgE/stat6 under specific pathogen-free conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:11340–11345

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotani M, Matsumoto M, Fujita A, Higa S, Wang W, Suemura M, Kishimoto T, Tanaka T (2000) Persimmon leaf extract and astragalin inhibit development of dermatitis and IgE elevation in NC/Nga mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 106:159–166

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda H, Watanabe N, Geba GP, Sperl J, Tsudzuki M, Hiroi J, Matsumoto M, Ushio H, Saito S, Askenase PW, Ra C (1997) Development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion with IgE hyperproduction in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunol 9:461–466

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto M, Ra C, Kawamoto K, Sato H, Itakura A, Sawada J, Ushio H, Mitsuishi K, Hikasa Y, Matsuda H (1999) IgE hyperproduction through enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of janus kinase 3 in NC/Nga mice, a model for human atopic dermatitis. J Immunol 162:1056–1063

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mihara K, Kuratani K, Matsiu T, Nakamura M, Yokota K (2004) Vital role of the itch-scratch response in development of spontaneous dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Br J Dermatol 151:335–345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Natori K, Tamari M, Watanabe O, Onouchi Y, Shiomoto Y, Kubo S, Nakamura Y (1999) Mapping of a gene responsible for dermatitis in NOA (Naruto Research Institute Otsuka Atrichia) mice, an animal model of allergic dermatitis. J Hum Genet 44:372–376

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohmura T, Hayashi T, Satoh Y, Konomi A, Jung B, Satoh H (2004) Involvement of substance P in scratching behaviour in an atopic dermatitis model. Eur J Pharmacol 491:191–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sonkoly E, Muller A, Lauerma AI, Pivarsci A, Soto H, Kemeny L, Alenius H, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Meller S, Rieker J, Steinhoff M, Hoffmann TK, Ruzicka T, Zlotnik A, Homey B (2006) IL 31: a new link between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 117:411–417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suto H, Matsuda H, Mitsuishi K, Hira K, Uchida T, Unno T, Ogawa H, Ra C (1999) NC/Nga mice: a mouse model for atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 120(Suppl 1):70–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takano N, Arai I, Hashimoto Y, Kurachi M (2004) Evaluation of antipruritic effects of several agents on scratching behavior by NC/Nga mice. Eur J Pharmacol 452:159–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takaoka A, Arai I, Sugimoto M, Yamaguchi A, Tanaka M, Nakaike S (2005) Expression of IL-31 gene transcripts in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 516:180–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takaoka A, Arai I, Sugimoto M, Honma Y, Futaki N, Nakamura A, Nakaike S (2006) Involvement of IL-31 on scratching behavior in NC/Nga mice with atopic-like dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 15:161–167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsudzuki M, Watanabe N, Wada A, Nakane Y, Hiroi J, Matsuda H (1997) Genetic analyses for dermatitis and IgE hyperproduction in the NC/Nga mouse. Immunogenetics 47:88–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vestergaard C, Yoneyama H, Murai M, Nakamura K, Tamaki K, Yoshie O, Irimura T, Mizutani H, Matsushima K (1999) Overproduction of Th2-specific chemokines in NC/Nga mice exhibiting atopic dermatitis-like lesions. J Clin Invest 104:1097–1105

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vestergaard C, Yoneyama H, Matsushima K (2000) The NC/Nga mouse: a model for atopic dermatitis. Mol Med Today 6:209–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe O, Natori K, Tamari M, Shiomoto Y, Kubo S, Nakamura Y (1999) Significantly elevated expression of PF4 (platelet factor 4) and eotaxin in the NOA mouse, a model of atopic dermatitis. J Hum Genet 44:173–176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Motheaten Mice

  • Green MC, Shultz LD (1975) Motheaten, an immunodeficient mutant of the mouse. I Genetics and pathology. J Hered 66:250–258

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovarik J, Kuntz L, Ryffel B, Borel JF (1994) The viable motheaten (mev) mouse – a new model for arthritis. J Autoimmun 7:575–588

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shultz LD (1988) Pleiotropic effects of deleterious alleles in the “motheaten” locus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 137:216–222

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shultz LD, Coman DR, Bailey CL, Beamer WG, Sidman CL (1984) “Viable motheaten”, a new allele in the motheaten locus. Am J Pathol 116:179–192

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Su X, Zhou T, Yang P, Edwards CK III, Mountz JD (1998) Reduction of arthritis and pneumonitis in motheaten mice by soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor. Arthritis Rheum 41:139–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spontaneous Erythema in Hairless Rats

  • Chavaz P, Faucher F, Saurat JH (1984) Dermatosis of hairless rats fed with a hypomagnesic diet – pathology and immunology. Dermatologica 169:105–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iwamoto S, Nakayama H, Yasoshima A, Doi K (1997) Hydrogen peroxide-induced dermatitis in WBN/Kob-Ht rats. Exp Anim 46:147–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neckermann G, Bavandi A, Meingassner JG (2000) Atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in hypomagnesaemic hairless rats are prevented and inhibited by systemic or topical SDT ASM 981. Br J Dermatol 142:669–679

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tani S, Noguchi M, Hosada Y, Sugibayasi K, Morimoto Y (1998) Characteristics of spontaneous erythema appeared in hairless rats. Exp Anim 47:253–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spontaneous Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs

  • Nuttall TJ, Knight PA, McAleese SM, Lamb JR, Hill PB (2002) Expression of Th1, Th2 and immunosuppressive gene transcripts in canine atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 32:789–795

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olivry T, Dunston SM, Murphy KM, Moore PF (2001) Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate during IgE-mediated late phase reactions in the skin of normal and atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 12:49–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin C (eds) (2001) Skin immune system and allergic skin disease. In: Muller & Kirk’s small animal dermatology. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 534–666

    Google Scholar 

Contact Hypersensitivity in Animals

  • Bilski AJ, Thomson DS (1984) Allergic contact dermatitis in the domestic pig. A new model for evaluating the topical anti-inflammatory activity of drugs and their formulations. Br J Dermatol 111(Suppl 27):143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyera N, Cavey D, Bouclier M, Burg G, Rossio P, Hensby C (1992) Repeated application of dinitrochlorobenzene to the ears of sensitized guinea pigs; a preliminary characterization of a potential new animal model for contact eczema in humans. Skin Pharmacol 5:184–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper KD (1994) Atopic dermatitis: recent trends in pathogenesis and therapy. J Invest Dermatol 102:128–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corsini E, Galli CL (1998) Cytokines and irritant contact dermatitis. Toxicol Lett 102–103:277–282

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corsini AC, Bellucci SB, Costa MG (1979) A simple method of evaluating delayed type hypersensitivity in mice. J Immunol Methods 30:195–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ek L, Theodorsson E (1990) Tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide in oxazolone-induced allergic contact dermatitis in mice. J Invest Dermatol 94:761–763

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraginals R, Lepoittevin JP, Benezra C (1990) Sensitizing capacity of three methyl alkanesulphonates: a murine in vivo and in vitro model of allergic contact dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 282:455–458

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grabbe S, Steinbrink K, Steinert M, Luger TA, Schwarz T (1995) Removal of the majority of epidermal Langerhans cells by topical or systemic steroid application enhances the effector phase of murine contact hypersensitivity. J Immunol 155:4207–4217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heishi M, Imai Y, Katayama H, Hashida R, Ito M, Shinagawa A, Sugita Y (2003) Gene expression analysis of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced in NC/Nga mice be mite antigen stimulation under specific pathogen-free conditions. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 132:356–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh GC, Kolano RM, Andrews JW (1996) Immunosuppressant effects on improved guinea pig contact hypersensitivity (CH) model: induction with DNFB and elicitation with DNCB. FASEB J 10:A1221

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh GC, Kolano RM, Gauvin DM (1997) Development of a swine contact hypersensitivity (CH) model – sensitization with DNFB and elicitation with DNCB for evaluating topical inhibitors. J Invest Dermatol 108:671

    Google Scholar 

  • Katayama I, Tanei R, Yokozeki H, Nishioka K, Dohi Y (1990) Induction of eczematous skin reaction in experimentally induced hyperplastic skin of BALB/c mice by monoclonal anti-DNP IgE antibody: possible implications for skin lesion formation in atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 93:148–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koyama Y, Kusubata M, Yoshiki A, Hiraiwa N, Ohashi T, Irie S, Kusukabe M (1998) Effect of tenascin-C deficiency on chemically induced dermatitis in the mouse. J Invest Dermatol 111:930–935

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laouini D, Alenius H, Bryce P, Oettgen H, Tsitsikov E, Geha RS (2003) IL-10 is critical for Th2 response in a murine model of allergic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 112:1058–1066

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lavaud P, Rodrigue F, Carre C, Touvay C, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P (1991) Pharmacological modulation of picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis in the mouse. J Invest Dermatol 97:101–105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leung DM (1997) Atopic dermatitis: immunobiology and treatment with immune modulators. Clin Exp Immunol 107:25–30

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li XM, Kleiner G, Huang CK, Lee SY, Schofield B, Soter NA, Sampson HA (2001) Murine model of atopic dermatitis associated with food hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:693–702

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe NJ, Virgadamo F, Stoughton RB (1977) Anti-inflammatory properties of a prostaglandin antagonist, a corticosteroid and indomethacin in experimental contact dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 96:433–438

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maguire HC (1996) Cyclophosphamide and interleukin-12 synergistically upregulate the acquisition of allergic contact dermatitis in the mouse. Acta Derm Venereol 76:277–279

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui K, Nishikawa A (2002) Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus induces Th2-prone dermatitis in mice sensitized percutaneously with allergen. Clin Exp Allergy 32:783–788

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuoka H, Maki N, Yoshida S, Arai M, Wang J, Oikawa Y, Ikeda T, Hirota N, Nakagawa H, Ishii A (2001) A mouse model of the atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome by repeated application of a crude extract of house-dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Allergy 58:139–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meingassner JG, Stütz A (1992) Immunosuppressive macrolides of the type FK 506: a novel class of topical agents for treatment of skin diseases? J Invest Dermatol 98:851–855

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meingassner JG, Grassberger M, Fahrngruber H, Moore HD, Schuurman H, Stütz A (1997) A novel anti-inflammatory drug, SDZ ASM 981, for the topical and oral treatment of skin diseases: in vivo pharmacology. Br J Dermatol 137:568–576

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morita E, Kaneko S, Hiragun T, Shindo H, Tanaka T, Furukawa T, Nobukiyo A, Yamamto S (1999) Fur mites induce dermatitis associated with IgE hyperproduction in an inbred strain of mice, NC/Kuj. J Dermatol Sci 19:37–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenqvist U, Persson K, Lindgren BR, Andersson RG (1991) Effects of cilazaprilat and enalaprilat on experimental dermatitis in guinea pigs. Pharmacol Toxicol 68:404–407

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sasakawa T, Higashi Y, Sakuma S, Hirayama Y, Sasakawa Y, Ohkubo Y, Goto T, Matsumoto M, Matsuda H (2001) Atopic dermatitis-like lesions induced by topical application of mite antigens in NC/Nga mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 126:239–247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shoji Y, Fukumura T, Kudo M, Yanagawa A, Shimada J, Mizushima Y (1994) Effect of topical preparation of mycophenolic acid on experimental allergic contact dermatitis of guinea pigs induced by dinitrofluorobenzene. J Pharm Pharmacol 46:643–646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sicherer SH, Sampson HA (1999) Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104:114–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spergel JM, Mizoguchi E, Brewer JP, Martin TR, Bhan AK, Geha RS (1998) Epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen induced localized allergic dermatitis and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine after single exposure to aerosolized antigen in mice. J Clin Invest 101:1614–1622

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spergel JM, Mizoguchi E, Oettgen H, Bhan AK, Geha RS (1999) Roles of TH1 and TH2 cytokines in a murine model of allergic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 103:11034–1111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley PL, Steiner S, Havens M, Tramposch KM (1991) Mouse skin inflammation induced by multiple topical applications of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Skin Pharmacol 4:262–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeshita K, Yamasaki T, Akira S, Gantner F, Bacon KB (2004) Essential role of MHC II-independent CD4+ T cells, IL-4 and STAT6 in contact hypersensitivity induced by fluorescein isothiocyanate in the mouse. Int Immunol 16:685–695

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Traidl C, Jugert F, Krieg T, Merk H, Hunzelmann N (1999) Inhibition of allergic contact dermatitis to DNCB but not to oxazolone in interleukin-4 deficient mice. J Invest Dermatol 112:476–482

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trenam CW, Dabbagh AJ, Morris CJ, Blake DR (1991) Skin inflammation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS): an in vivo model. Br J Dermatol 125:325–329

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vana G, Meingassner JG (2000) Morphologic and immunohistochemical features of experimentally induced contact dermatitis in Göttingen minipigs. Vet Pathol 37:565–580

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Non-Immunologic Contact Urticaria

  • Lathi A, Maibach HI (1984) An animal model of nonimmunologic contact urticaria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 76:219–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lauerma AI, Fenn B, Maibach HI (1997) Trimellitic anhydride-sensitive mouse as an animal model for contact urticaria. J Appl Toxicol 17:357–360

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maibach HI, Johnson HL (1975) Contact urticaria syndrome. Contact urticaria to diethyltoluamide (immediate-type hypersensitivity). Arch Dermatol 111:426–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Meingassner JG, Stütz A (1992) Anti-inflammatory effects of macrophilin-interacting drugs in animal models of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 99:486–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mononuclear Cells from Atopic Dermatitis Donors

  • Hong G, Davis B, Khattoon N, Baker SF, Brown J (2003) PPARγ-dependent anti-inflammatory action of rosiglitazone in human monocytes: suppression of TNFα secretion is not mediated by PTEN regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 303:782–787

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rühl R, Dahten A, Schweigert FJ, Herz U, Worm M (2003) Inhibition of IgE-production by peroxisome proliferator-activated ligands. J Invest Dermatol 121:757–764

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sperhake K, Neuber K, Enssle K, Ring J (1998) Effects of recombinant human soluble interleukin-4 receptor on interleukin-4/staphylococcal enterotoxin B-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 139:784–790

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

The SCID-hu Skin Mouse as Model for Atopic Dermatitis

  • Biedermann T, Schwärzler C, Lametschwandtner G, Thoma G, Carballido-Perrig N, Kund J, de Vries JE, Rot A, Carballido JM (2002) Targeting CLA/E-Selectin interactions prevents CCR4 mediated recruitment of human Th2 memory cells to human skin in vivo. Eur J Immunol 32:3171–3180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biedermann T, Röcken M, Carballido JM (2004) TH1 and TH2 lymphocyte development and regulation of TH cell-mediated immune responses of the skin. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 9:5–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bosma GC, Custer RP, Bosma MJ (1983) A severe combined immunodeficiency mutation in the mouse. Nature 301:527–530

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carballido JM, Aversa G, Kaltoft K, Cocks BG, Punnonen J, Yssel H, Thestrup-Pedersen K, de Vries JE (1997) Reversal of human allergic T helper 2 responses by engagement of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule. J Immunol 159:4316–4321

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carballido JM, Namikawa R, Carballido-Perrig N, Antonenko S, Roncarolo MG, de Vries JE (2000) Generation of primary antigen-specific human T- and B-cell responses in immunocompetent SCID-hu mice. Nat Med 6:103–106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carballido JM, Biedermann T, Schwärzler C, de Vries JE (2003) The SCID-hu skin mouse as a model to investigate selective chemokine mediated homing of human T-lymphocytes to the skin in vivo. J Immunol Methods 273:125–135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Igney FH, Asadullah K, Zollner TM (2004) Techniques: species’ finest blend – humanized mouse models in inflammatory skin disease research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:543–549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lametschwandtner G, Biedermann T, Schwärzler C, Günther C, Kund J, Fassl S, Hinteregger S, Carbadillo-Perrig N, Szabo SJ, Glimcher LH, Carbadillo JM (2004) Sustained T-bet expression confers polarized human TH2 cells with TH1-like cytokine production and migratory capacities. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:987–994

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robert C, Kupper TS (1999) Inflammatory skin diseases, T cells, and immune surveillance. N Engl J Med 341:1817

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Howard Maibach .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this entry

Cite this entry

Maibach, H. (2016). Experimental Dermatitis. In: Hock, F. (eds) Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_95

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics