Abstract
Landslide Dynamics is a relatively new field in Landslide Science. Reliable scientific knowledge to assess the motion of landslides including hazard area, speed and depth is needed to reduce human loss from landslides. However, the initiation and motion of landslides is not easy to explain quantitatively because of pore-pressure generation during initiation and motion, and continuing changes in grain size, grain shape and water content of the involved soils in the shear zone. An apparatus has been developed to physically simulate the formation of sliding surfaces and the post-failure motion of the involved soils under realistic stresses. It can simulate pore-pressure increase due to rain water infiltration and dynamic loading due to earthquakes in the field, and can monitor pore-pressure generation, and mobilized shear resistance together with shear displacement. The apparatus has evolved from the model DPRI-1 in 1984 through DPRI-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, to the model ICL-1 in 2011 and ICL-2 in 2013. This apparatus which is called the landslide ring-shear simulator is now in use in foreign countries. This paper presents the progress of the landslide ring-shear simulator and its application to earthquake-induced landslides, the 2006 Leyte landslide killing over 1,000 people, the 1792 Unzen Mayuyama landslide killing 15,000 people, and a hypothetical Senoumi (Stone flower sea) submarine megaslide using a cored sample from 190 m below the sea floor. A new integrated computer model (LS-RAPID) simulating the initiation and motion using soil parameters obtained from the landslide ring-shear simulator has been developed in parallel with the development of landslide ring-shear simulator. LS-RAPID was applied to the three earthquake-induced landslide cases mentioned above. The simulations included two triggering factors: pore-water pressure and three-component seismic waves. The combination of landslide ring-shear simulator and integrated landslide simulation model provides a new tool for landslide hazard assessment.
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Acknowledgments
The series of undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus have been supported by various funds from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT). The latest development of ring-shear apparatus models ICL-1 and ICL-2 and accompanied research have been financially supported by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development Program (SATREPS) of Japan which are financed by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Both are projects of the International Programme on Landslides (IPL): IPL-161 Risk identification and land-use planning for disaster mitigation of landslides and floods in Croatia and IPL-175: Development of landslide-risk assessment technology and education in Vietnam and other areas in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. We have obtained much support from ICL and ICL supporting organizations through these two projects. Development of LS-RAPID and currently developing “ICL Landslide Teaching Tools” which is an international joint activity are very important elements for the development of Landslide Dynamics as practical tools. Prof. Zeljiko Arabanas of Lijeka University, Croatian leader of the landslide group in IPL-161 and the user of ICL-1 donated to Croatia, is appreciated for his discussion on this paper. The promotion of these IPL projects by colleagues from ICL and ICL supporting members is very much appreciated.
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Sassa, K., He, B., Dang, K., Nagai, O., Takara, K. (2014).
Plenary: Progress in Landslide Dynamics.
In: Sassa, K., Canuti, P., Yin, Y. (eds) Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04999-1_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04999-1_3
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