Abstract
Dyslipidemias are disorders encompassing abnormal function and/or levels of plasma lipoproteins. In routine clinical practice, they are detected by altered plasma lipid levels, which can be elevated (hyperlipidemia) or decreased (hypolipidemia). Normal lipid levels are not synonymous to desirable (optimal or physiological) levels. Dyslipidemias are of extreme clinical importance due to their association with atherosclerosis and rates of heart attack and stroke. The desirable level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is <100 mg/dL, while the non-HDL-C desirable level is <130 mg/dL. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is considered low when <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women. Triglycerides (TGs) are above normal when >150 mg/dL after a 12 h fast [1].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Jacobson TA, Ito MK, Maki KC, Orringer CE, Bays HE, Jones PH, et al. National Lipid Association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1 – executive summary. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8(5):473–88.
Orringer CEE-i-C. National lipid association self-assessment program. Jacksonville: National Lipid Association; 2013.
Gleeson R, Davidson M. Lipidology, a primer: the what, why and how of better lipid management. Milwaukee: Prevent CVD Publishing; 2010.
Toth PP, Potter D, Ming EE. Prevalence of lipid abnormalities in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006. J Clin Lipidol. 2012;6(4):325–30.
Force UPST (2008) Screening for lipid disorders in adults: recommendation statement. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf08/lipid/lipidrs.htm
Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report. Pediatrics. 2011;128 Suppl 5:S213–56.
Goldberg AC, Hopkins PN, Toth PP, Ballantyne CM, Rader DJ, Robinson JG, et al. Familial hypercholesterolemia: screening, diagnosis and management of pediatric and adult patients: clinical guidance from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol. 2011;5(3 Suppl):S1–8.
Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Ray K, Boren J, Andreotti F, Watts GF, et al. Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(23):2844–53.
Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S1–45.
Otvos JD, Mora S, Shalaurova I, Greenland P, Mackey RH, Goff Jr DC. Clinical implications of discordance between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle number. J Clin Lipidol. 2011;5(2):105–13.
Toth PP, Grabner M, Punekar RS, Quimbo RA, Cziraky MJ, Jacobson TA. Cardiovascular risk in patients achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle targets. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235(2):585–91.
Davidson MH, Ballantyne CM, Jacobson TA, Bittner VA, Braun LT, Brown AS, et al. Clinical utility of inflammatory markers and advanced lipoprotein testing: advice from an expert panel of lipid specialists. J Clin Lipidol. 2011;5(5):338–67.
Anderson TJ, Gregoire J, Hegele RA, Couture P, Mancini GB, McPherson R, et al. 2012 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29(2):151–67.
Expert Dyslipidemia Panel, Grundy SM. An International Atherosclerosis Society Position Paper: global recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia. J Clin Lipidol. 2013;7(6):561–5.
Jacobson TA. NLA task force on statin safety – 2014 update. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8(3 Suppl):S1–4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this entry
Cite this entry
Wójcik, C. (2017). Dyslipidemias. In: Paulman, P., Taylor, R., Paulman, A., Nasir, L. (eds) Family Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_126
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_126
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-04413-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-04414-9
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine