Abstract
This work presents a description of the evolution of Science and Technology (S&T) Policies in Chile. We have differentiated three periods: before the creation of the National Innovation Council for Competitiveness (CNIC, according to its Spanish acronym) and the establishment of royalties (specific taxes) up to the extraction of mineral resources, from the creation of both institutions up to the end of President Bachelet’s government, and the years under the leadership of President Piñera. We will study the second- and third-mentioned periods in greater detail, as it was during these years that the present institutional framework began to take shape. This analysis will make clear that there are different alternatives when constructing public innovation support systems and that each has its associated risks and advantages.
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Notes
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Emphasis was placed on the sectors considered to be priority due to the increase in competitiveness of companies: biotechnology, clean production, and quality promotion and information technologies. At the same time, initiatives were implemented in order to carry out prospective studies in the areas considered to be priority and with the potential to improve competitiveness in the corresponding sectors.
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OECD (2007).
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The Strategy was published in volumes (years 2007 and 2008), which can be downloaded from the CNIC website (www.cnic.cl).
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On one hand, the variables related to a comparative exercise carried out by BCG based on their experience and knowledge about sectors with high potential, independent of the country, over a fifteen year period. This selected 100 sectors which according to the representatives of BSG from a large group of countries tended to indicate greater growth potential. Besides this, in terms of relative effort, the values of 76 variables were recorded in order to assess the relative effort the country would have to make in order to become a relevant actor in these 100 sectors. These were condensed into a single index (among these variables, we mention the weight of each sector in the economy, the number of patents requested and registered by the country, and the number of doctorates and doctorate programs within the discipline). Thus for example, the index result for aerospace nanotechnology was very low. In contrast, the index was very high in mining and global services.
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Certain efforts were made in the 1990s in this context; concretely, CORFO administered a program called Supplier Development Program (see Muñoz 2009).
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Benavente, J.M., Price, J.J. (2014). Evolution of the Public Institutions of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Chile: 1990–2012. In: Crespi, G., Dutrénit, G. (eds) Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04108-7_3
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