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MicroRNAs and Clinical Implications in Cancer

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MicroRNAs: Key Regulators of Oncogenesis

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18–25 nucleotides long, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Due to their fundamental roles in development and differentiation, corruption of their expression can lead to the development of disease. In fact, numerous studies have revealed that miRNAs play important regulatory roles in virtually every cancer type studied so far. In this book chapter, I review the current literature to pinpoint the role of miRNAs and their clinical implications in cancer. After presenting some examples to illustrate the roles of miRNAs in several types of cancer, I discuss miRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy and also explain their advantages and limitations. I describe what is currently known about the use of miRNAs as potential predictors of therapeutic outcome and discuss the potential of integrating miRNA data into clinical trials and if and how miRNA could be implemented into “personalized medicine” approaches. Finally, I outline the perspectives and challenges of miRNAs and their clinical implications in cancer and discuss criteria that must be fulfilled before miRNAs can be used as reliable tools in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic settings.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Prof. Hans-Martin Jäck for his continuous support.

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  1. Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Jürgen Wittmann

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  1. Jürgen Wittmann
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Correspondence to Jürgen Wittmann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Molec. Genetics, Fac. of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Sadegh Babashah

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Wittmann, J. (2014). MicroRNAs and Clinical Implications in Cancer. In: Babashah, S. (eds) MicroRNAs: Key Regulators of Oncogenesis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03725-7_13

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