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Transcranial Colour Doppler Sonography (TCDI)

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Doppler Sonography in Infancy and Childhood

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Abstract

Development of the ultrasound methods for the intracranial arterial system followed the evaluation of the extracranial arterial system and the transfontanellar techniques because of the difficulty of penetrating the skull in older children and adults.

Transcranial pulsed Doppler Sonography (TCD) was used broadly in the late 80s, in the 90s advancements of the transducer technology resulted in the possibility of investigations of the intracranial arterial system by transcranial colour doppler imaging (TCDI) which includes colour Doppler, pulsed Doppler investigation and the B-mode-imaging.

In comparison to the simple transcranial Doppler methods (TCD) without B-mode-imaging and without colour Doppler, colour coded Doppler TCDI is an advancement of intracranial ultrasound techniques since it combines the Doppler and colour Doppler information with anatomic information, enabling the accurate identification of the intracranial vessels and the exact positioning of the pulsed Doppler sample volume.

The clinical importance of TCDI has increased in the last decade because the functional results of the method has been shown to be in many cases superior to the mere phenomenological imaging results of cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

TCDI provides a bedside low cost and fast imaging modality in many critical pediatric diseases as brain edema, stroke, cerebral vasculitis and vascular stenosis. Therefore the method should be available at any tertiary children’s on 24hours 7days a week.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The physiological analogue to the compliance is exactly defined by the volume distensibility. In accordance with other authors, we will use the term compliance here, aware of the fact that this is the definition of a physician and not a physical one.

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  1. Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Preuschwitzerstrasse 101, 95445, Bayreuth, Germany

    Thomas Rupprecht

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Rupprecht, T. (2015). Transcranial Colour Doppler Sonography (TCDI). In: Doppler Sonography in Infancy and Childhood. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03506-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03506-2_3

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