Abstract
In contrast to biodegradable implant materials and appliances, many implant metals and alloys are permanent: teeth, cranial-facial, orthopedic appliances for knee and hip replacement, rods, screws, etc. The design and fabrication of biomechanically compatible orthopedic (bone) implants will be discussed, especially with regard to reducing or eliminating stress shielding through controlled density and porosity to reduce stiffness (or Young’s modulus).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andreiotelli M, Wenz HJ, Kohal R-J (2009) Are ceramic implants a viable alternative to titanium implants? A systematic literature review. Clin Oral Implants Res 20(Suppl 4):32–47
Ashby MF, Evans A, Fleck NA, Gibson LJ, Hutchinson JW, Wadley HNG (2000) Metal foams: a design guide. Butterworth – Heinemann, Boston
Baleari M, Cristofolini L, Mineri C, Toni A (2003) Fatigue strength of PMMA bone cement mixed with gentamicin and barium sulfate versus pure PMMA. Proc Inst Mech Eng H217:9–12
Brunski JB, Puleo DA, Nanci A (2000) Biomaterials and biomechanics of oral and maxillofacial implants: current status and future developments. J Oral Maxillofac Implants 15:15–46
Camacho N (2012) Wear characterization of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso
Egli E (1972) Design properties of structural foam. J Cell Plast 8:245–251
Freyman TM, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ (2001) Cellular materials as porous scaffolds for tissue engineering. Adv Eng Mater 6:369–376
Gibson LJ, Ashby MF (1982) The mechanics of three-dimensional cellular materials. Proc R Soc Lond Math Phys Sci 383:43–49
Hao YL, Li SJ, Sun SY, Zheng CY, Yang R (2007) Elastic deformation behavior of Ti-24 Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 3:277–286
Hernandez J, Li SJ, Martinez E, Murr LE, Pan XM, Amato KN, Cheng XY, Yang F, Terrazas CA, Gaytan SM, Hao YL, Yang R, Medina F, Wicker RB (2013) Microstructures and hardness properties for β-phase Ti-24 Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy fabricated by electron beam melting. J Mater Sci Technol 29(11):1011–1017
Karageorgiou V, Kaplan D (2005) Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis. Biomaterials 26:5474–5491
Li SJ, Murr LE, Cheng XY, Zhang ZB, Hao YL, Yang R, Medina F, Wicker RB (2012) Compression deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with cellular structures fabricated by electron beam melting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 16:153–162
Murr LE, Gaytan SM, Medina F, Lopez H, Martinez E, Machado BI, Hernandez DH, Martinez L, Lopez MI, Wicker RB, Bracke J (2010) Next-generation biomedical implants using additive manufacturing of complex, cellular and functional mesh arrays. Philos Trans R Soc A 368:1999–2032
Murr LE, Amato KN, Li SJ, Tian YX, Cheng XY, Gaytan SM, Martinez E, Shindo PW, Medina F, Wicker RB (2011) Microstructure and mechanical properties of open-cellular biomaterials prototypes for total knee replacement implants fabricated by electron beam melting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 4:1396–1411
Murr LE, Gaytan SM, Martinez E, Medina F, Wicker RB (2012a) Fabricating functional Ti-alloy biomedical implants by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting. J Biotechnol Biomater 2(3):1–11
Murr LE, Gaytan SM, Martinez E, Medina F, Wicker RB (2012b) Next generation orthopaedic implants by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting. Int J Biomater Article 10245727, 14 p
Murr LE, Gaytan SM, Ramirez DA, Martinez E, Hernandez J, Amato KN, Shindo PW, Medina FR, Wicker RB (2012c) Fabrication of metal and alloy components by additive manufacturing: examples of 3D materials science. J Mater Sci Technol 28(l):1–14
Niinomi M (1998) Mechanical properties of biomedical titanium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A243:231–236
Prawoto Y (2012) Seeing auxetic materials from the mechanics point of view: a structural review of negative Poisson’s ratio. Comput Mater Sci 58:140–153
Ramirez DA, Murr LE, Martinez E, Hernandez DH, Martinez JL, Machado BI, Medina F, Wicker RB, Frigola P (2011) Open-cellular copper structures fabricated by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting. Acta Mater 59:4088–4099
Ryan G, Pandit A, Apatsidis DP (2006) Fabrication methods of porous metals for use in orthopaedic applications. Biomaterials 27(13):2651–2670
Timoshenko S, Gene JM (1972) Mechanics of materials. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York
Vasilev K, Cooke J, Griesser HJ (2009) Antibacterial surfaces for biomedical devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 6:553–567
Walker PS (1978) Human joints and their artificial replacement. C.C. Thomas, Springfield
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this entry
Cite this entry
Murr, L.E. (2015). Implant Materials and Structures. In: Handbook of Materials Structures, Properties, Processing and Performance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01815-7_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01815-7_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-01814-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-01815-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics