Abstract
Understanding the load resisting mechanisms and failure modes of masonry walls loaded in their plane is key to validate mechanics-based analysis and simulation algorithms. Proof load tests are performed on specimens that are extensively instrumented with transducers (e.g., LVDTs, potentiometers, strain gauges), which are typically mounted on a specimen at specific locations. The resulting measurements are local and cannot describe in detail the complex response of infill and confined masonry systems, which may combine bricks, mortar joints, reinforced concrete (RC), and the associated interfaces. In addition, crack maps are typically marked by hand based on visual inspection, making it likely to overlook cracks especially when they have a relatively small width or close after unloading.
This paper discusses the feasibility of using digital image correlation (DIC) as a non-contact method to measure displacements on large masonry wall specimens and provide faithful crack maps. Feasibility is assessed based on evidence from in-plane reverse-cycle load tests of two full-scale confined masonry walls. The specimens were designed for two different performance levels in terms of in-plane strength and deformability. Deformability was maximized for the case of a wall that was retrofitted using in-plane (horizontal) reinforcement embedded along the bed joints. The DIC measurements were validated vis-à-vis relevant counterparts from linear displacement transducers, including in-plane drift, diagonal deformations, and interface slip between the RC tie columns and the masonry panel. In addition, faithful DIC-based crack maps were obtained where it is easier to recognize cracks compared with hand marked crack maps on the specimens.
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Acknowledgments
This material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1049483. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The support of the University of South Carolina through the second author’s research incentive funds and the Magellan Scholar Program is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Enrico Garbin (formerly Postdoctoral Fellow), Mr. Siming Guo (Ph.D. student, Mechanical Engineering), Mr. Stephen Jones (Magellan Scholar), and Mr. Bradford DiFranco (NSF-REU student) for their technical assistance.
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Ghorbani, R., Matta, F., Sutton, M.A. (2014). Full-Field Displacement Measurement and Crack Mapping on Masonry Walls Using Digital Image Correlation. In: Jin, H., Sciammarella, C., Yoshida, S., Lamberti, L. (eds) Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, Volume 3. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00768-7_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00768-7_23
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