Abstract
The technology for creating an Acoustic Virtual Reality for wide variety of applications has been developed in the last decade. An important requirement of Virtual Reality is the multimodal approach which includes vision, sound, tactile and haptic stimuli. The process of creating a physical stimulus based on computer data is called “rendering”. The development of rendering and reproduction of acoustic stimuli in VR is now at a stage where integration of spatial room sound is feasible by using PCs. This applies to multi-channel binaural synthesis as well as to full room-acoustic simulation algorithms. In this chapter the basic concepts of real-time room acoustic simulation, early reflections’ and spatial reverberation rendering, binaural reproduction technology and dynamic realtime audio signal processing are presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lentz, T. (2008). Binaural technology for virtual reality. Ph.D. dissertation, RWTH Aachen University.
Pelzer, S., & Vorländer, M. (2010). Frequency- and time-dependent geometry for real-time auralizations. In 20th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA), Sydney, Australia.
Schröder, D., & Vorländer, M. (2007). Hybrid method for room acoustic simulation in real-time. In Proceedings of the 20th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA), Spain.
Vorländer, M. (1989). Simulation of the transient and steady state sound propagation in rooms using a new combined sound particle—image source algorithm. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 86, 172–178.
Vorländer, M. (1995). International round robin on room acoustical computer simulations. In: Proceedings of 15th International Congress on Acoustics, Trondheim, Norway.
Vorländer, M. (2008). Auralization: Fundamentals of acoustics, modelling, simulation, algorithms and acoustic virtual reality. Berlin: Springer.
Wefers, F., & Berg, J. (2010). High-performance real-time FIR-filtering using fast convolution on graphics hard-ware. In Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DaFX).
Wefers, F., & Vorländer, M. (2012). Optimal filter partitions for non-uniformly partitioned convolution. AES 45th International Conference on Time-Frequency Audio Processing, Helsinki, Finland.
[Online]: www.vrca.rwth-aachen.de.
Further Reading
Schroeder, M. R., Atal, B. S.,& Bird, C. (1962). Digital computers in room acoustics. In Proceedings of the 4th International. Congress on Acoustics, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Vian, J., & van Maercke, D. (1986). Calculation of the room impulse response using a ray-tracing method. In Proceedings of the ICA Symposium on Acoustics and Theatre Planning for the Performing Arts, Vancouver, Canada.
Cruz-Neira, C., Sandin, D., DeFanti, T., Kenyon, R., & Hart, J. (1992). The CAVE: Audio visual experience automatic virtual environment. Communications of the ACM, 35, 64–72.
Dalenbäck, B.-I. (1995). A new model for room acoustic prediction and auralization. Ph.D. dissertation, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Gardner, W. G. (1995). Efficient convolution without input-output delay. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), 43, 127–136.
Egelmeers, G. P. M., & Sommen, P. (1996). A new method for efficient convolution in frequency domain by non-uniform partitioning for adaptive filtering. IEEE Transactions on signal processing, 44.
Stephenson, U. (1996). Quantized pryamidal beam tracing—a new algorithm for room acoustics and noise immission prognosis. ACTA ACUSTICA united with ACUSTICA, 82, 517–525.
Svensson, U. P., Fred, R. I., & Vanderkooy, J. (1999). An analytic secondary source model of edge diffraction impulse responses. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 2331–2344.
Müller-Tomfelde, C, (2001). Time-varying filter in non-uniform block convolution. In Proceedings of the Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX-01).
Tsingos, N., Funkhouser, T., Ngan, A., & Carlbom, I. (2001). Modeling acoustics in virtual environments using the uniform theory of diffraction. ACM Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH’01 Proceedings (545–552).
Lokki, T. (2002). Physically-based auralization—design, implementation, and evaluation. Ph.D. dissertation, Helsinki University of Technology.
García, G. (2002). Optimal filter partition for efficient convolution with short input/output delay. In Proceedings of 113th AES convention.
Hammershøi, D., & Møller, H. (2002). Methods for bin-aural recording and reproduction. Acustica united with Acta Acustica, 88, 303.
Teschner, M., Heidelberger, B., Müller, M., Pomeranets, D., & Gross, M. (2003). Optimized Spatial Hashing for Collision Detection of Deformable Objects. VMV ‘03.
Tsingos, N., Gallo, E., & Drettakis, G. (2004). Perceptual audio rendering of complex virtual environments. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH Conference Proceedings), 3(23).
Funkhouser, T., Tsingos, N., Carlbom, I., Elko, G., Sondhi, M., West, J. E., et al. (2004). A beam tracing method for interactive architectural acoustics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115, 739–756.
Gerndt, A., Hentschel, B., Wolter, M., Kuhlen, T., & Bischof, C. (2004). Viracocha: An efficient parallelization framework for large-scale CFD post-processing in virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, Magdeburg, Germany.
Thaden, R. (2005). Auralisation in building acoustics, Ph.D. dissertation, RWTH Aachen University.
Lentz, T. (2005). Performance of spatial audio using dynamic cross-talk cancellation. In 119th AES Convention, New York, NY, USA.
Cox, T. J., Dalenbäck, B.-I. L., Antonio, P. D., Embrechts, J. J., Jeon, J. Y., Mommertz, E., et al. (2006). A tutorial on scattering and diffusion coefficients for room acoustic surfaces. Acta Acustica united with ACUSTICA, 92, 1–15.
Schröder, D., & Lentz, T. (2006). Real-time processing of image sources using binary space partitioning. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), 54(7/8), 604–619.
Raghuvanshi, N., & Lin, M. (2006). Interactive sound synthesis for large scale environments. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games, Red-wood City, USA.
Lentz, T. (2006). Dynamic crosstalk cancellation for binaural synthesis in virtual reality environments. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES), 54(4), 283–293.
Schröder, D., & Vorländer, M. (2007). Hybrid method for room acoustic simulation in real-time. In Proceedings of the 20th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA), Madrid, Spain.
Stephenson, U. M., & Svensson, U. P. (2007). An improved energetic approach to diffraction based on the uncertainty principle. In Proceedings of the 19th International Congress on Acoustics, Madrid, Spain.
Schröder, D., Dross, P.,& Vorländer, M. (2007). A fast reverberation estimator for virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 30th AES International Conference, Saariselkä, Finland.
Assenmacher, I., & Kuhlen, T. (2008). The vista virtual reality toolkit. In Proceedings of the IEEE VR SEARIS, (pp. 23–26).
Schröder, D., & Assenmacher, I. (2008). Real-time auralization of modifiable rooms. In 2nd ASA-EAA joint conference Acoustics, Paris, France.
Lundén, P. (2008). Universe acoustic simulation system: Interactive realtime room acoustic simulation in dynamic 3d environments. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), 123(5), 3937–3937.
Rausch, D., & Assenmacher, I. (2008). A sketch-based interface for architectural modification in virtual environments. In 5th Workshop VR/AR, Magdeburg, Germany.
Noisternig, M., Katz, B., Siltanen, S., & Savioja, L. (2008). Framework for real-time auralization in architectural acoustics. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 94(6), 1000–1015.
Rindel, J.-H. (2009). Auralisation of a symphony orchestra—the chain from musical instruments to the eardrums. In EAA Symposium on Auralization, Espoo, Finland.
Schröder, D., & Pohl, A. (2009). Real-time hybrid simulation method including edge diffraction. In Proceedings of the EAA Auralization Symposium, Espoo, Finland.
Wefers, F., & Schröder, D. (2009). Real-time auralization of coupled rooms. In Proceedings of the EAA Auralization Symposium, Espoo, Finland.
Tsingos, N. (2009). Using programmable graphics hardware for auralization. In Proceedings of the EAA Symposium on Auralization, Espoo, Finland.
Schröder, D., Svensson, P., & Vorländer, M. (2010). Open measurements of edge diffraction from a noise barrier scale model. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Room Acoustics (ISRA), Melbourne, Australia.
Schröder, D., Ryba, A., & Vorländer, M. (2010). Spatial data structures for dynamic acoustic virtual reality. In Proceedings of the 20th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA), Sydney, Australia.
Schröder, D., Ryba, A., & Vorländer, M. (2010). Real-time auralization of dynamically changing environments. Submitted to Acta Acustica united with Acustica.
Dalenbäck, B.-I. (2010). Engineering principles and techniques in room acoustics prediction. In Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting, Bergen, Norway.
Assenmacher, I., Rausch, D., & Kuhlen, T. (2010). On device driver architectures for virtual reality toolkits, presence: Teleoperators and virtual environments, 23, 83–95.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for funding a series of projects. Torsten Kuhlen and his team at Virtual Reality Center Aachen (VRCA) are acknowledged for excellent and smooth collaboration.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vorländer, M., Pelzer, S., Wefers, F. (2013). Virtual Room Acoustics. In: Bader, R. (eds) Sound - Perception - Performance. Current Research in Systematic Musicology, vol 1. Springer, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00107-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00107-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-00106-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-00107-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)