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Effect of Climate Change on Sea Water Intrusion in the Essaouira Basin Coastal Aquifer

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The Water, Climate, and Food Nexus

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Abstract

Groundwater serves as a vital source of potable water for domestic and drinking purposes in various regions globally. However, rising sea levels have led to the encroachment of saltwater into coastal underground aquifers, resulting in a degradation of water quality over time. In the context of the hydrogeochemical examination conducted, it was observed that the groundwater within the Plio-quaternary aquifer exhibits a composition characterized by Cl–Ca–Mg and Cl–Na elements. Specific ionic ratios, such as Br/Cl (approximately 1.5–1.7‰) and Na/Cl (approximately 0.86), in addition to relatively weak values for Mg/Ca and SO4/Cl ratios, signify the initiation of seawater intrusion into the freshwater reserves of the Plio-quaternary aquifer within the Essaouira basin. This incursion of seawater is substantiated by ionic ratios and is further validated through stable isotopic analysis. By leveraging the combined information from oxygen-18 contents and chloride concentrations, the degree of mixing between seawater and freshwater in the Plio-quaternary aquifer is estimated to range from 12.8 to 15.9%. Furthermore, the stable isotopes approach has shed light on the source of recharge for the Plio-Quaternary and Turonian aquifers, indicating that these aquifers are primarily recharged by Atlantic-origin precipitation with limited evaporation effects. However, it is evident that these freshwater resources have undergone contamination due to the intrusion of seawater.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. High Energy and Astrophysics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco

    Mohammed Bahir & Otman El Mountassir

  2. Economic, Social and Environmental Council (ESEC), Rabat, Morocco

    Mohamed Behnassi

  3. Center for Environment, Human Security and Governance (CERES), Rabat, Morocco

    Mohamed Behnassi

  4. Ministry of Higher Education and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco

    Mohamed Behnassi

Authors
  1. Mohammed Bahir
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  2. Otman El Mountassir
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  3. Mohamed Behnassi
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mohammed Bahir or Mohamed Behnassi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Economic, Social and Environmental Council (ESEC) and Center for Environment, Human Security and Governance (CERES), Ministry of Higher Education and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco

    Mohamed Behnassi

  2. Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulmalek A. Al-Shaikh

  3. John Wesley School of Leadership, Carolina University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Ameenah Gurib-Fakim

  4. Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mirza Barjees Baig

  5. High Energy and Astrophysics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco

    Mohammed Bahir

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Bahir, M., El Mountassir, O., Behnassi, M. (2024). Effect of Climate Change on Sea Water Intrusion in the Essaouira Basin Coastal Aquifer. In: Behnassi, M., Al-Shaikh, A.A., Gurib-Fakim, A., Barjees Baig, M., Bahir, M. (eds) The Water, Climate, and Food Nexus. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50962-9_9

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