Formation of Solid Solutions of BaTiO₃ Doped with Eu³⁺ by Solid-State Reaction

Abstract

BaTiO₃ is generally made by reacting BaCO₃ with TiO₂ at a temperature of about 1100 °C. Whatever the technique, the current trend is to produce powders with a strict control of purity, Ba/Ti ratio and particle size, which affects the generation of reproducible microstructures and constant dielectric properties in the sintered product. In this work, the synthesis of solid solutions of BaTiO₃ doped with Eu³⁺ was carried out and they were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The concentration was varied from x = 0.003, 0.05 and 0.10% by weight of Eu³⁺. The powders were decarbonated at 900 °C and sintered at 1300 °C for 5 h. The experimental results obtained by X-ray diffraction show the consolidation of tetragonal BaTiO₃ and the Raman spectroscopy shows the corresponding BaTiO₃ spectra that confirm the consolidation in the sintering process. The scanning electron microscopy results mainly showed particles with necks characteristic of the sintering process.