Abstract
Energy storage systems play an important role in improving the reliability of electricity networks due to increasing contribution of electricity from intermittent sources like wind and solar. The main considerations in choosing a suitable storage system are cost and performance. Since the price for every kilowatt-hour (kWh) supplied to the network and battery energy storage system (BESS) costs are dynamic, consumers interested in a battery may have challenges in choosing between the various batteries available in the market. This study presents a the levelized cost of storage as a suitable method or approach for selecting the most suitable battery technology for household and industrial consumers. The future power systems are expected to have large proportions of intermittent energy sources like wind, solar, or tidal energy that require scale-up of energy storage to match the supply with hourly, daily, and seasonal electricity demand profiles. Available storage technologies include batteries, pumped hydroelectricity storage, compressed air energy storage, and power-to-gas storage. The energy transition to renewable energy supply calls for increased application of energy storage. Identification of optimal solutions requires a holistic view of the energy system beyond the electricity-only focus. In this study, an integrated cross-sector approach is adopted to identify the most efficient and least-cost storage options for off grid and grid scale application. Storage batteries can widely be divided into solid state batteries and flow batteries using solid and liquid electrolytes, respectively.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AIHBs:
-
Aqueous ion hybrid batteries
- BESS:
-
Battery energy storage system
- C:
-
Charging costs
- CAPEX:
-
Capital expenditure
- EEE:
-
Electrical energy storage
- EES:
-
Electrical energy storage
- ES:
-
Energy storage
- GLEES:
-
Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage
- IQR:
-
Interquartile range
- LCBs:
-
Lead-carbon batteries
- LCOE:
-
Levelized cost of energy
- LCOS:
-
Levelized cost of storage
- Li-ion:
-
Lithium-ion batteries
- OM:
-
Operation and maintenance
References
Fan, X., et al.: Battery technologies for grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 26(2), 92–103 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-019-00231-w
IRENA: Utility-Scale Batteries: Innovation Landscape Brief. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi (2019) [Online]. Available: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Sep/IRENA_Utility-scale-batteries_2019.pdf
Kabeyi, M.J.B.: Challenges of Implementing Thermal Powerplant Projects in Kenya, the Case of Kipevu III 120MW Power Station, Mombasa Kenya, Masters, Department of Education Management, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 5866, (2012) [Online]. Available: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11023
Melnikov, V., Nesterenko, G., Potapenko, A., Lebedev, D.: Calculation of the levelised cost of electrical energy storage for short-duration application. LCOS sensitivity analysis. EAI Endorsed Trans. Energy Web. 6(21), e2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-7-2018.155643
Xu, Y., Pei, J., Cui, L., Liu, P., Ma, T.: The levelized cost of storage of electrochemical energy storage technologies in China, (in English). Front. Energy Res. 10, 873800 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.873800
Cristea, M., Tîrnovan, R.-A., Cristea, C., Făgărășan, C.: Levelized cost of storage (LCOS) analysis of BESSs in Romania. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess. 53, 102633 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102633
Kabeyi, M.J.B., Olanrewaju, O.A.: Review and design overview of plastic waste-to-pyrolysis oil conversion with implications on the energy transition. J. Energy. 2023, 1821129 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1821129
Smallbone, A., Jülch, V., Wardle, R., Roskilly, A.P.: Levelised cost of storage for pumped heat energy storage in comparison with other energy storage technologies. Energy Convers. Manag. 152, 221–228 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.09.047
Melnikov, V., Nesterenko, G., Potapenko, A., Lebedev, D.: Calculation of the levelised cost of electrical energy storage for short-duration application. LCOS sensitivity analysis. EAI Endorsed Trans. Energy Web Inf. Technol. 6(21), 4 (2019) [Online]. Available: https://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.13-7-2018.155643
Schmidt, O., Melchior, S., Hawkes, A., Staffell, I.: Projecting the future levelized cost of electricity storage technologies. Joule. 3(1), 81–100 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.008
Lund, H., et al.: Energy storage and smart energy systems. Int. J. Sustain. Energy Plan. Manag. 11, 3–14 (2016)
Kabeyi, M.J.B., Oludolapo, A.O.: Viability of Wellhead Power Plants as substitutes of Permanent Power plants. In: Presented at the 2nd African International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Harare, Zimbabwe, December 7–10, 2020, p. 77. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieomsociety.org/harare2020/papers/77.pdf
Kabeyi, M.J.B., Olanrewaju, O.A.: The role of electrification of transport in the energy transition. In: Presented at the Fifth European Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Rome, Italy, July 26–28, 2022, p. 426. [Online]. Available: https://ieomsociety.org/proceedings/2022rome/426.pdf
Pawel, I.: The cost of storage – how to calculate the Levelized Cost of Stored Energy (LCOE) and applications to renewable energy generation. Energy Procedia. 46, 68–77 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.159
Kabeyi, M.J.B.: Potential and challenges of bagasse cogeneration in the Kenyan sugar industry. Int. J. Creat. Res. Thoughts. 10(4), 379–526 (2022) Art no. IJCRT_218740, http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.30042
American Clean Power. “Batteries” American Clean Power. https://energystorage.org/why-energy-storage/technologies/solid-electrode-batteries/ (Accessed 28 May 20223, 2023)
Reisch, M.S.: Solid-state batteries inch their way to market. C&EN Global Enterprise. 95(46), 19–21 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09546-bus
Kurzweil, P., Garche, J.: 2 - Overview of batteries for future automobiles. In: Garche, J., Karden, E., Moseley, P.T., Rand, D.A.J. (eds.) Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles, pp. 27–96. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2017)
Toyota. “Solid state batteries.” Toyoa Corporation. https://www.toyota.ie/company/news/2021/solid-state-batteries (Accessed 29 May 2023, 2023)
Huo, H., Janek, J.: Solid-state batteries: from ‘all-solid’ to ‘almost-solid’. Natl. Sci. Rev. 10(6), nwad098 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwad098
Chakraborty, M.R., Dawn, S., Saha, P.K., Basu, J.B., Ustun, T.S.: A comparative review on energy storage systems and their application in deregulated systems. Batteries. 8(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8090124
Emblemsvåg, J.: On the levelised cost of energy of solar photovoltaics. Int. J. Sustain. Energy. 40(8), 755–780 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2020.1867139
Peters, J.F., Weil, M.: Aqueous hybrid ion batteries – an environmentally friendly alternative for stationary energy storage? J. Power Sources. 364, 258–265 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.041
American Clean Power. “Lithium-ion batteries” American Clean Power. https://energystorage.org/why-energy-storage/technologies/lithium-ion-li-ion-batteries/ (Accessed 29 July 2023, 2023)
Burke, A.: Capacitors | application. In: Garche, J. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, pp. 685–694. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2009)
Simon, P., Gogotsi, Y.: Perspectives for electrochemical capacitors and related devices. Nat. Mater. 19(11), 1151–1163 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0747-z
Liu, L., Taberna, P.-L., Dunn, B., Simon, P.: Future directions for electrochemical capacitors. ACS Energy Lett. 6(12), 4311–4316 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01981
Luerssen, C., Gandhi, O., Reindl, T., Sekhar, C., Cheong, D.: Levelised Cost of Storage (LCOS) for solar-PV-powered cooling in the tropics. Appl. Energy. 242, 640–654 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.133
Kabeyi, M.J.B., Oludolapo, A.O.: Characteristics and applications of geothermal wellhead powerplants in electricity generation. In: 31ST Annual Southern African Institution for Industrial Engineering Conference, South Africa, H. Teresa, (ed.), 5–7th October 2020, vol. 2020, no. 31, pp. 222–235. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, South Africa (2020). [Online]. Available: https://www.saiie.co.za/system/files/2021-11/SAIIE31%20Conference%20Proceedings.pdf. [Online]. Available: https://www.saiie.co.za/system/files/2021-11/SAIIE31%20Conference%20Proceedings.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kabeyi, M.J.B., Olanrewaju, O.A. (2024). Types of Grid Scale Energy Storage Batteries. In: Chen, L. (eds) Advances in Clean Energy Systems and Technologies. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49787-2_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49787-2_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-49786-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-49787-2
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)