Abstract
Fine-grained classification poses greater challenges compared to basic-level image classification due to the visually similar sub-species. To distinguish between confusing species, we introduce a novel framework based on feature channel adaptive enhancement and attention erasure. On one hand, a lightweight module employing both channel attention and spatial attention is designed, adaptively enhancing the feature expression of important areas and obtaining more discriminative feature vectors. On the other hand, we incorporate attention erasure methods that compel the network to concentrate on less prominent areas, thereby enhancing the network’s robustness. Our method can be seamlessly integrated into various backbone networks. Finally, an evaluation of our approach is conducted across diverse public datasets, accompanied by a comprehensive comparative analysis against state-of-the-art methodologies. The experimental findings substantiate the efficacy and viability of our method in real-world scenarios, exemplifying noteworthy breakthroughs in intricate fine-grained classification endeavors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bargal, S.A., et al.: Guided zoom: zooming into network evidence to refine fine-grained model decisions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 43(11), 4196–4202 (2021)
Branson, S., Van Horn, G., Belongie, S., Perona, P.: Bird species categorization using pose normalized deep convolutional nets. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.2952 (2014)
DeVries, T., Taylor, G.W.: Improved regularization of convolutional neural networks with cutout. arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.04552 (2017)
Ding, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhu, Y., Ye, Q., Jiao, J.: Selective sparse sampling for fine-grained image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 6599–6608 (2019)
Dubey, A., Gupta, O., Guo, P., Raskar, R., Farrell, R., Naik, N.: Pairwise confusion for fine-grained visual classification. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 70–86 (2018)
Fu, J., Zheng, H., Mei, T.: Look closer to see better: recurrent attention convolutional neural network for fine-grained image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4438–4446 (2017)
Gao, Y., Han, X., Wang, X., Huang, W., Scott, M.: Channel interaction networks for fine-grained image categorization. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, pp. 10818–10825 (2020)
Ghiasi, G., Lin, T.Y., Le, Q.V.: Dropblock: a regularization method for convolutional networks. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 31 (2018)
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Spatial pyramid pooling in deep convolutional networks for visual recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 37(9), 1904–1916 (2015)
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770–778 (2016)
Hu, J., Shen, L., Sun, G.: Squeeze-and-excitation networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 7132–7141 (2018)
Hu, T., Qi, H., Huang, Q., Lu, Y.: See better before looking closer: weakly supervised data augmentation network for fine-grained visual classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.09891 (2019)
Hu, T., Xu, J., Huang, C., Qi, H., Huang, Q., Lu, Y.: Weakly supervised bilinear attention network for fine-grained visual classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.02152 (2018)
Hu, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., Cao, X., Zhen, X.: Attentional kernel encoding networks for fine-grained visual categorization. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 31(1), 301–314 (2020)
Huang, S., Wang, X., Tao, D.: Stochastic partial swap: enhanced model generalization and interpretability for fine-grained recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 620–629 (2021)
Huang, S., Xu, Z., Tao, D., Zhang, Y.: Part-stacked CNN for fine-grained visual categorization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1173–1182 (2016)
Imambi, S., Prakash, K.B., Kanagachidambaresan, G.: Pytorch. Programming with TensorFlow: Solution for Edge Computing Applications, pp. 87–104 (2021)
Jaderberg, M., et al.: Spatial transformer networks. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 28 (2015)
Ji, R., et al.: Attention convolutional binary neural tree for fine-grained visual categorization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 10468–10477 (2020)
Khosla, A., Jayadevaprakash, N., Yao, B., Li, F.F.: Novel dataset for fine-grained image categorization: stanford dogs. In: Proceedings of the CVPR Workshop on Fine-Grained Visual Categorization (FGVC), vol. 2. Citeseer (2011)
Kirkland, E.J., Kirkland, E.J.: Bilinear interpolation. In: Advanced Computing in Electron Microscopy, pp. 261–263 (2010)
Krause, J., Stark, M., Deng, J., Fei-Fei, L.: 3d object representations for fine-grained categorization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, pp. 554–561 (2013)
Lin, D., Shen, X., Lu, C., Jia, J.: Deep lac: deep localization, alignment and classification for fine-grained recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1666–1674 (2015)
Liu, C., Xie, H., Zha, Z.J., Ma, L., Yu, L., Zhang, Y.: Filtration and distillation: enhancing region attention for fine-grained visual categorization. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, pp. 11555–11562 (2020)
Loshchilov, I., Hutter, F.: Sgdr: stochastic gradient descent with warm restarts. arXiv preprint arXiv:1608.03983 (2016)
Luo, W., et al.: Cross-x learning for fine-grained visual categorization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 8242–8251 (2019)
Maji, S., Rahtu, E., Kannala, J., Blaschko, M., Vedaldi, A.: Fine-grained visual classification of aircraft. arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.5151 (2013)
Nilsback, M.E., Zisserman, A.: Automated flower classification over a large number of classes. In: 2008 Sixth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Processing, pp. 722–729. IEEE (2008)
Ouyang, W., et al.: Deepid-net: object detection with deformable part based convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(7), 1320–1334 (2016)
Song, J., Yang, R.: Feature boosting, suppression, and diversification for fine-grained visual classification. In: 2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2021)
Srivastava, N., Hinton, G., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Salakhutdinov, R.: Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 15(1), 1929–1958 (2014)
Sun, M., Yuan, Y., Zhou, F., Ding, E.: Multi-attention multi-class constraint for fine-grained image recognition. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 805–821 (2018)
Wang, J., Li, N., Luo, Z., Zhong, Z., Li, S.: High-order-interaction for weakly supervised fine-grained visual categorization. Neurocomputing 464, 27–36 (2021)
Woo, S., Park, J., Lee, J.Y., Kweon, I.S.: Cbam: convolutional block attention module. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 3–19 (2018)
Yang, S., Ramanan, D.: Multi-scale recognition with dag-CNNs. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1215–1223 (2015)
Yang, Z., Luo, T., Wang, D., Hu, Z., Gao, J., Wang, L.: Learning to navigate for fine-grained classification. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 420–435 (2018)
Zhang, L., Huang, S., Liu, W., Tao, D.: Learning a mixture of granularity-specific experts for fine-grained categorization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 8331–8340 (2019)
Zhang, N., Donahue, J., Girshick, R., Darrell, T.: Part-based R-CNNs for fine-grained category detection. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014. LNCS, vol. 8689, pp. 834–849. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10590-1_54
Zhang, T., Chang, D., Ma, Z., Guo, J.: Progressive co-attention network for fine-grained visual classification. In: 2021 International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), pp. 1–5. IEEE (2021)
Zheng, H., Fu, J., Mei, T., Luo, J.: Learning multi-attention convolutional neural network for fine-grained image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 5209–5217 (2017)
Zheng, H., Fu, J., Zha, Z.J., Luo, J.: Looking for the devil in the details: learning trilinear attention sampling network for fine-grained image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5012–5021 (2019)
Zhou, M., Bai, Y., Zhang, W., Zhao, T., Mei, T.: Look-into-object: self-supervised structure modeling for object recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 11774–11783 (2020)
Zhuang, P., Wang, Y., Qiao, Y.: Learning attentive pairwise interaction for fine-grained classification. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, pp. 13130–13137 (2020)
Acknowledgements
This work is partially supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Project (2021GXNSFBA220035, AD20159034), the Open Funds from Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing (GIIP2208) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61962014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Xie, D., Pang, C., Wu, G., Lan, R. (2023). Feature Channel Adaptive Enhancement for Fine-Grained Visual Classification. In: Lu, H., Blumenstein, M., Cho, SB., Liu, CL., Yagi, Y., Kamiya, T. (eds) Pattern Recognition. ACPR 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14408. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47665-5_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47665-5_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-47664-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-47665-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)