Abstract
The results of the study of slags from the excavations of the Kobylikha archaeological site in 2019 and 2022 (the Nenets Autonomous Area) are presented, executed on an area of 48 m2. Analytical work was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopes and spectroscopic methods. The study of industrial waste established the presence of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy in the Kobylikha settlement. The chemical and mineralogical compositions indicate classical iron and copper metallurgy schemes. The similarity of the chemical composition of the slags suggests the use of oxide-easily mined ores from the Bolshezemelskaya tundra in the iron-making process. The temperatures of fayalite slag formation fluctuate within 1200–1300 ℃ with different cooling rates. Nonferrous metallurgy slags record separate stages of metallurgy. Different chemical and temperature conditions have led to copper slags of various mineral compositions, basicities, and microstructures. Features of the chemical and mineral composition indicate a melting temperature in the range of 1200–1500 ℃ with a rapid cooling rate of the slag in the furnace. Due to the addition of flux and high temperature, the melt was fluid. The elongated shape of some slag samples with a smooth glassy surface suggests the presence of slag inclusions. The composition of melt inclusions in the slag suggests hydrothermal quartz-sulfide copper deposits.
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Acknowledgments
The work was executed within the thematic plan of research No. GR 122040800168–4 “Features of formation of the population of the North of the European part of Russia during the Stone, Early Metal and Middle Ages according to archaeological data” (2022–2025); “Development of the mineral resource complex of the Timan-North Ural-Barents Sea region on the basis of effective forecasting, geological modeling, geological and economic assessment of resource potential and new technologies for processing minerals” State registration No. 0333-2022-0045 (2022–2026).
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Murygin, A.M., Astakhova, I.S., Korotaev, A.V. (2023). Metallurgical Slag from Excavations of the Archaeological Site of the Kobylikha Settlement (The Nenets Autonomous Area). In: Ankusheva, N., Chechushkov, I.V., Epimakhov, A., Ankushev, M., Ankusheva, P. (eds) Geoarchaeology and Archaeological Mineralogy. GAM 2022. Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46424-9_26
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