Skip to main content

Fusing Multi-scale Residual Network for Skeleton Detection

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Image and Graphics (ICIG 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14358))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 327 Accesses

Abstract

The skeleton is an important topological description of the object’s geometric form. As an advanced feature, the object skeleton information constitutes an abstract representation of the original shape. Skeleton detection helps further understanding of the object detection and recognition tasks. When processing natural images with complex backgrounds, which often blurred skeleton pixel scale or inaccurate classification. In this paper, we propose a Fusing Multi-scale Residual Network (FMRN) to improve the accuracy of skeleton detection, driven by pre-training the backbone network and adding multi-scale side output in its different stages, we also add the residual module to solve the computational redundancy problem. The atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) to robustly segment objects at multiple scales and ensure good resolution in feature maps. The experiments were conducted on five open datasets, where the datasets SK-LARGE, SK-SMALL (SK506), and WH-SYMMAX are commonly used for the skeleton detection task. The F-measure score obtained for these three datasets are 0.789, 0.751, and 0.865, respectively. The effectiveness of the method in this paper can be verified by ablation study, and the evaluation protocol are represented by F-measure and P-R curve. The test results showed that our approach has positive extraction accuracy and generalization ability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Blum, H.: A transformation for extracting new descriptors of shape. Models for the Preception of Speech & Visual Form 19, 362–380 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Saha, P.K., et al.: A survey on skeletonization algorithms and their applications. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 76, 3–12 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Zhu, S.C., Yuille, A.L.: FORMS: a flexible object recognition and modelling system. Int. J. Comp. Visi. 20, 187–212 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Felzenszwalb, P.F., Huttenlocher, D.P.: Pictorial structures for object recognition. Int. J. Comput. Vision 61(1), 55–79 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Shotton, J., et al.: Real-time human pose recognition in parts from single depth images. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1297–1304 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang, Z., Shen, W., Yao, C., Bai, X.: Symmetry-based text line detection in natural scenes. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2558–2567 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Widynski, N., et al.: Local symmetry detection in natural images using a particle filtering approach. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 23, 5309–5322 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Girshick, R.B., et al.: Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 580–587 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Redmon, J., et al.: You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 779–788 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Liu, W., et al.: SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector. In: European Conference on Computer Vision (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shen, W., et al.: Object skeleton detection in natural images by fusing scale-associated deep side outputs. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 222–230 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zhao, K., et al.: Hi-Fi: hierarchical feature integration for skeleton detection. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Lindeberg, T.: Edge detection and ridge detection with automatic scale selection. Int. J. Comp. Visi. 30, 117–156 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, T.-L., et al.: Segmenting by seeking the symmetry axis. Proceedings. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol.2, p. 2, 994–998 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jang, J.H., Ki, S.H.: A pseudo-distance map for the segmentation-free skeletonization of gray-scale images. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 18–23 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Postolski, M., et al.: Scale filtered euclidean medial axis and its hierarchy. Comp. Visi. Ima. Underst. 129, 89–102 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bai, X., et al.: Skeleton filter: a self-symmetric filter for skeletonization in noisy text images. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 29, 1815–1826 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bai, X., et al.: ProMask: Probability Mask for Skeleton Detection. Neural Networks 162, (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Xie, S., Tu, Z.: Holistically-nested edge detection. Int. J. Comp. Visi. 125, 3–18 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Liu, Y., et al.: Richer convolutional features for edge detection. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5872–5881 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Liu, C., et al.: Adaptive linear span network for object skeleton detection. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 30, 5096–5108 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ke, W., et al.: SRN: side-output residual network for object symmetry detection in the wild. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 302–310 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Liu, C., et al.: RSRN: rich side-output residual network for medial axis detection. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, pp. 1739–1743 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Xu, W., et al.: Geometry-aware end-to-end skeleton detection. British Machine Vision Conference (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Szegedy, C., et al.: Inception-v4, Inception-ResNet and the Impact of Residual Connections on Learning. ArXiv abs/1602.07261 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Chen, L.,-C., et al.: DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machi. Intelli. 40, 834–848 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  27. He, K., et al.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770–778 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wang, Y., et al.: DeepFlux for skeletons in the wild. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 5282–5291 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tsogkas, S., Kokkinos, I.: Learning-based symmetry detection in natural images. In: European Conference on Computer Vision (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 61962007 and in part by the HET of Guangxi Province of China under Grant 2020JGB238.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhenglin Li .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Fan, Q., Li, Z., Wang, Z. (2023). Fusing Multi-scale Residual Network for Skeleton Detection. In: Lu, H., et al. Image and Graphics . ICIG 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14358. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46314-3_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46314-3_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-46313-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-46314-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics