Zusammenfassung
Kunststoffe sind ein wichtiger Wachstumsmarkt für die Öl- und Gasindustrie, aber die enorme Menge an nicht recyceltem Abfall führt zu einer Gegenreaktion, die zu Kunststoffverboten auf der ganzen Welt führen könnte. Die einzige praktikable Alternative ist eine Kreislaufwirtschaft, die auf Wiederverwendung und Recycling basiert. Der Aufbau einer solchen Kreislaufwirtschaft würde erfordern, dass die Öl- und Gasindustrie mit mehreren Kundensektoren, Endverbrauchern und Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt zusammenarbeitet. Die Blockchain könnte verwendet werden, um ein ganzes Ökosystem aufzubauen, beginnend mit der Beschaffung von recycelten Kunststoffen, der Zertifizierung ihrer Herkunft und der Erweiterung auf den Handel mit Materialien während ihres gesamten Lebenszyklus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
Für weitere Informationen siehe unser Kapitel über Kohlenstoffmärkte.
Literatur
Abraham, B (2022) EPR for plastic packaging waste is a step in the right direction but has set impossible targets. Indiatimes.com. https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/epr-guidelines-for-plastic-packaging-recycling-562665.html
Barboza LG et al (2018) Microplastics cause neurotoxicity, oxidative damage and energy-related changes and interact with the bioaccumulation of mercury in the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758). PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29287173/
Center for International Environmental Law (2019) Plastic & climate: the hidden costs of a plastic planet. https://www.ciel.org/project-update/plastic-climate-the-hidden-costs-of-a-plastic-planet/
Cho R (2020) Recycling in the U.S. is broken. How do we fix it? State of the Planet. https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2020/03/13/fix-recycling-america/
Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2021) Our vision for a circular economy for plastics. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/plastics-vision
EmpowerChain (n. d.) A new impact driven Cosmos Blockchain. Coming soon. https://empowerchain.io/. Zugegriffen: 6 Sept 2022
EPA (2021) National overview: facts and figures on materials, wastes and recycling | US EPA. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials#Trends1960-Today
European Commission (n. d.) Waste prevention and management. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/green-growth/waste-prevention-and-management/index_en.htm. Zugegriffen: 6 Sept 2022
Exxon Mobil (2020) Advancing climate solutions. ExxonMobil. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/Climate-solutions/Advancing-climate-solutions
Exxon Mobil (2022) ExxonMobil to build its first large-scale plastic waste advanced recycling facility. ExxonMobil. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/news/newsroom/news-releases/2021/1011_exxonmobil-to-build-its-first-large-scale-plastic-waste-advanced-recycling-facility
Frankson S (2022) Co-Founder of Plastic Bank, July 8, 2022. https://www.linkedin.com/in/shaunfrankson/
Geddie J (2022) 75 % of people want single-use plastics banned, global survey finds. Reuters, February 21, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/75-people-want-single-use-plastics-banned-global-survey-finds-2022-02-22/
Geyer R et al (2017) Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci Adv 3, e1700782. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700782 See https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1700782
Gibson, Dunn und Crutcher LLP (2022) Update on UN roadmap for a new global plastics treaty. Gibson Dunn. https://www.gibsondunn.com/update-on-un-roadmap-for-a-new-global-plastics-treaty/
Hopewell J, Dvorak R, Kosior E (2009) Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities. NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2873020/
IMARC Group (2022) Automotive plastics market: global industry trends, share, size, growth, opportunity and forecast 2022–2027. Research and Markets. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5577994/automotive-plastics-market-global-industry
International Energy Agency (2018) The future of petrochemicals – analysis. IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-petrochemicals
Kobo K (2021) Why Western-style plastic bans aren’t working in Africa – Quartz Africa. Quartz. https://qz.com/africa/2007658/why-western-style-plastic-bans-arent-working-in-africa/
Laville S (2021) Twenty firms produce 55 % of world’s plastic waste, report reveals. The Guardian, May 18, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/may/18/twenty-firms-produce-55-of-worlds-plastic-waste-report-reveals
McKinsey & Company (2022) McKinsey, July. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/chemicals/our%20insights/climate%20impact%20of%20plastics/climate-impact-of-plastics-v2.pdf
Myrer W (2021) 2021: >3000 % growth. Medium. https://medium.com/empowerplastic/2021-3000-growth-d1623e5c4851
Neste Circularise (2022) Press. Circularise – press. https://www.circularise.com/press-releases/transparent-and-traceable-neste-teams-up-with-circularise
OECD (2006) Improving recycling markets. OECD iLibrary. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/improving-recycling-markets_9789264029583-en
OECD (2022a) Global plastics outlook: policy scenarios to 2060. OECD iLibrary. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=1143_1143481-88j1bxuktr&title=Global-Plastics-Outlook-Policy-Scenarios-to-2060-Policy-Highlights&utm_source=Adestra&utm_medium=email&utm_content=GPO
OECD (2022b) Global plastics outlook: economic drivers, environmental impacts and policy options. OECD. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/de747aef-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/de747aef-en
Peshkam M (2019) Transforming plastic pollution using blockchain. Blockchain Research Institute. https://www.blockchainresearchinstitute.org/project/transforming-plastic-pollution-using-blockchain/
Plastic Bank (n. d.a) Frequently asked questions. https://plasticbank.com/faq/. Accessed 6 Sept 2022
Plastic Bank (n. d.b) Social plastic program. https://plasticbank.com/social-plastic-program/. Accessed 6 Sept 2022
Plastics Today (2022) Plastic bank diverts 2 billion plastic bottles from the ocean. https://www.plasticstoday.com/sustainability/plastic-bank-diverts-2-billion-plastic-bottles-ocean
Schneider S (2021) US plastics recycling struggles to meet demand, highlighting investment gap. S&P Global. https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/blogs/petrochemicals/022621-us-plastic-recycling-pet-bottles-packaging-waste-investment
Schuerman M (2022) New York state is looking for a new solution to plastic waste. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2022/05/27/1101522591/we-never-got-good-at-recycling-plastic-some-states-are-trying-a-new-approach
Seabrook J (2010) Plastics. The New Yorker, September 13, 2010. https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/plastics
Sony (2022) SORPLAS | Post-consumer recycled plastic Sony products. Sony. https://www.sony.com/en-ma/electronics/sorplas-recycled-plastic
SYSTEMIQ (2022) ReShaping plastics: pathways to a circular, climate neutral plastics system in Europe. Actu Environnement. https://www.actu-environnement.com/media/pdf/news-39392-ReShaping-Plastics-Executive-summary.pdf
Tabrizi S, Crêpy M, Rateua F (2021) Recycled content in plastics: the mass balance approach. Zero Waste Europe. https://zerowasteeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/rpa_2021_mass_balance_booklet-2.pdf
Tiseo I (2021) Plastic cumulative production globally 2050. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1019758/plastics-production-volume-worldwide/
Turns A (2022) The chemicals that linger for decades in your blood. BBC, May 13, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220512-the-chemicals-that-linger-for-decades-in-your-blood
UNCTAD (2021) Global trade in plastics: insights from the first life-cycle trade database. UNCTAD. https://unctad.org/webflyer/global-trade-plastics-insights-first-life-cycle-trade-database
Vestre (n. d.) Product passport VSTR45. https://vestre.product-passports.com/vstr45
Wolff A (2020) Speech – DDG Alan Wolff – WTO informal dialogue on plastic pollution and environmentally sustainable plastics trade. World Trade Organization. https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/ddgaw_17nov20a_e.htm
WTO (2022) Plastics dialogue launches three workstreams to advance discussions. World Trade Organization. https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news22_e/ppesp_21mar22_e.htm
Zero Waste Europe (2021) Avoid the ‚mass balance approach‘ to block ambitions for increased recycled content in plastics. https://zerowasteeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Feb_2021_Joint_Letter_Mass_Balance_Approach.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chen, S., Serada, K., Wyer, J. (2024). Nachhaltige Kunststoffe. In: Nachhaltiges Öl und Gas mit Blockchain. Springer Vieweg, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45842-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45842-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer Vieweg, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45841-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45842-2
eBook Packages: Computer Science and Engineering (German Language)