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The Physical Factors Involved in Cancer Progression

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Mechanobiology (ISMB 2022)

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Biophysics ((BIOPHYSICS,volume 25))

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  • 67 Accesses

Abstract.

Mechanical forces, generated externally and internally, regulate cancer development. Cancer continues to be a disease that is difficult to be healed despite medical and scientific advancement. Advances in knowledge of the mechanical properties have led to new insights in cancer mechanobiology. This review is focused on four main directions: the physical forces found in the in vivo microenvironment, function of cellular and of tissue stiffness in cancer progression, and beneficial effects of physical exercise on cancer suppression. Physical forces in vivo include stretching, compression, shear stress, tension, contraction and relaxation. Due to the loss of contractile units such as tropomyosin 2.1 (Tpm 2.1), cancer cells are unable to transduce the physical force from the extracellular matrix (ECM), through ECM receptors such as β1 integrin, to cytoskeletal proteins like actomyosin. This results in reduced stiffness and loss of rigidity sensing ability in cancer cells, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. In order to reestablish homeostasis, cancer cells continue to grow, secrete growth factors, cytokines, and deposit ECM. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) assist in ECM secretion and remodeling. On the one hand, the cancer tissue is being remodeled to a tumor, on the other hand, the remodeled tumor tissue also enhances the invasiveness of cancer cells. In summary, tumor development may be viewed as a process that reflects the mechanism employed in wound healing. This review emphasizes the role of physical forces that help shape tumor growth.

Article type: Review Article (Topic on Mechanobiology in Human Disease).

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Acknowledgements.

Special thanks to Professor Ming-Jer Tang for funding and resources assistance, submission of an abstract to the 4th ISMB would not be possible without his assistance. Sincere thanks to the International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration at National Cheng Kung University for the laboratory resources.

Conflict of Interests.

The authors in this article have declared that there are no conflicts of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

    Che-Tien Lee & Chieh-Sen Hu

  2. International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

    Che-Tien Lee, Chieh-Sen Hu & Tzyy Yue Wong

  3. Cross College Elite Program, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

    Tzyy Yue Wong

Authors
  1. Che-Tien Lee
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  2. Chieh-Sen Hu
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  3. Tzyy Yue Wong
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tzyy Yue Wong .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lowry Packer Building, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia

    Boris Martinac

  2. Lowy Packer Building, Level 6, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia

    Charles D. Cox

  3. School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Kate Poole

  4. Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Sara Baratchi

  5. EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Daryan Kempe

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Lee, CT., Hu, CS., Wong, T.Y. (2024). The Physical Factors Involved in Cancer Progression. In: Martinac, B., Cox, C.D., Poole, K., Baratchi, S., Kempe, D. (eds) Mechanobiology. ISMB 2022. Springer Series in Biophysics, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45379-3_5

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