Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The survival rate of lung cancer depends on its timely detection and diagnosis. For pulmonary cancer detection, numerous Computer-Assisted Diagnosis (CADx) systems have been developed that use the CT scan imaging modality. Recent advancement in deep learning techniques has enabled these CADx to automatically model high-level abstractions in CT-Scan images using a multi-layered Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our proposed CAD system comprises 3D residual U-Net for nodule detection. Initially, the 3D residual U-Net resulted in false positive results; therefore, a multi-Region Proposal Network (mRPN) was proposed for the improvement of nodule detection. The detected nodules are assigned a probability of malignancy. Furthermore, each detected nodule is classified into four classes based on its respective malignancy score. Extensive experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of our 3D residual U-Net model. These results demonstrate the exceptional detection performance achieved by our proposed model with a sensitivity of 97.65% and an average classification accuracy of 96.37%. Performance analysis demonstrates the potential of the proposed CAD system for the detection and classification of lung nodules with high efficiency and precision.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams, S.J., Stone, E., Baldwin, D.R., Vliegenthart, R., Lee, P., Fintelmann, F.J.: Lung cancer screening. Lancet 401(10374), 390–408 (2023)
Alahmari, S.S., Cherezov, D., Goldgof, D.B., Hall, L.O., Gillies, R.J., Schabath, M.B.: Delta radiomics improves pulmonary nodule malignancy prediction in lung cancer screening. IEEE Access 6, 77796–77806 (2018)
Alves, J.H., Neto, P.M.M., Oliveira, L.F.: Extracting lungs from ct images using fully convolutional networks. In: 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2018)
Armato, S.G., III.: The lung image database consortium (LIDC) and image database resource initiative (IDRI): a completed reference database of lung nodules on CT scans. Med. Phys. 38(2), 915–931 (2011)
Dou, Q., Chen, H., Yu, L., Qin, J., Heng, P.A.: Multilevel contextual 3-D CNNs for false positive reduction in pulmonary nodule detection. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 64(7), 1558–1567 (2017)
Firmino, M., Angelo, G., Morais, H., Dantas, M.R., Valentim, R.: Computer-aided detection (CADe) and diagnosis (CADx) system for lung cancer with likelihood of malignancy. BioMed. Eng. OnLine 15(1), 2:1–2:17 (2016)
van Ginneken, B., Setio, A.A.A., Jacobs, C., Ciompi, F.: Off-the-shelf convolutional neural network features for pulmonary nodule detection in computed tomography scans. In: IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, pp. 286–289 (2015)
van Ginneken, B., et al.: Comparing and combining algorithms for computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodules in computed tomography scans: the ANODE09 study. Med. Image Anal. 14(6), 707–722 (2010)
Hamidian, S., Sahiner, B., Petrick, N., Pezeshk, A.: 3D convolutional neural network for automatic detection of lung nodules in chest CT. In: Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10134 (2017)
Huang, S., Yang, J., Shen, N., Xu, Q., Zhao, Q.: Artificial intelligence in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis: current application and future perspective. In: Seminars in Cancer Biology. Elsevier (2023)
Hussein, S., Gillies, R., Cao, K., Song, Q., Bagci, U.: TumorNet: lung nodule characterization using multi-view convolutional neural network with Gaussian process. In: IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, pp. 1007–1010 (2017)
Li, X., Deng, Z., Deng, Q., Zhang, L., Niu, T., Kuang, Y.: A novel deep learning framework for internal gross target volume definition from 4d computed tomography of lung cancer patients. IEEE Access 6, 37775–37783 (2018)
Masood, A., et al.: Computer-assisted decision support system in pulmonary cancer detection and stage classification on CT images. J. Biomed. Inf. 79, 117–128 (2018)
Masood, A., et al.: Automated decision support system for lung cancer detection and classification via enhanced rfcn with multilayer fusion rpn. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 16(12), 7791–7801 (2020)
Masood, A., et al.: Cloud-based automated clinical decision support system for detection and diagnosis of lung cancer in chest CT. IEEE J. Transl. Eng. Health Med. 8, 1–13 (2019)
Setio, A.A.A., et al.: Pulmonary nodule detection in CT images: false positive reduction using multi-view convolutional networks. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35(5), 1160–1169 (2016)
Setio, A.A.A., et al.: Validation, comparison, and combination of algorithms for automatic detection of pulmonary nodules in computed tomography images: The LUNA16 challenge. Med. Image Anal. 42, 1–13 (2017)
Shen, W., et al.: Multi-crop convolutional neural networks for lung nodule malignancy suspiciousness classification. Pattern Recogn. 61, 663–673 (2017)
Siegel, R.L., Miller, K.D., Wagle, N.S., Jemal, A.: Cancer statistics, 2023. Ca Canc. J. Clin. 73(1), 17–48 (2023)
Tan, M., Deklerck, R., Jansen, B., Bister, M., Cornelis, J.: A novel computer-aided lung nodule detection system for CT images. Med. Phys. 38(10), 5630–5645 (2011)
Teramoto, A., Fujita, H.: Fast lung nodule detection in chest CT images using cylindrical nodule-enhancement filter. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 8(2), 193–205 (2013)
Xie, Y., Zhang, J., Xia, Y., Fulham, M., Zhang, Y.: Fusing texture, shape and deep model-learned information at decision level for automated classification of lung nodules on chest CT. Inf. Fusion 42, 102–110 (2018)
Yuan, J., Liu, X., Hou, F., Qin, H., Hao, A.: Hybrid-feature-guided lung nodule type classification on CT images. Comput. Graph. 70, 288–299 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Masood, A., Naseem, U., Nasim, M. (2023). Fully Automated CAD System for Lung Cancer Detection and Classification Using 3D Residual U-Net with multi-Region Proposal Network (mRPN) in CT Images. In: Ali, S., van der Sommen, F., van Eijnatten, M., Papież, B.W., Jin, Y., Kolenbrander, I. (eds) Cancer Prevention Through Early Detection. CaPTion 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14295. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45350-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45350-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-45349-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-45350-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)