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Sensing Climate Change Through Earth Observations: Perspectives at Global and National Level

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Abstract

The window to mitigate and adapt to climate change is closing very fast for humanity. Unless drastic measures are introduced and implemented with unambiguous policy oversight, the Earth is going to witness irreversible damage to biophysical systems to the peril of life on this planet. Emphatic arguments on access of climate alerts to everyone, by the United Nations, highlight the need to build a comprehensive system observing the trinity of the ocean, land and atmosphere. Earth observation systems comprising remote sensing in increasingly innovative interactions of energy and matter offer unprecedented scope of watching phenomenon across spatial scales. Coupling these observations with substantiated process models gives insights into future scenarios at reasonable levels of confidence. Current review attempts to comprehend remote sensing systems in place, for observing atmosphere followed by ocean and land phenomenon as well as the information systems, in Indian context, designed for application by varied users. Data and information derived by range of sensors on board Indian satellites are discussed, and latest understanding of vulnerability patterns in varied land cover contexts such as snow, water, crop, and forest is summarized for benefit of decisions across hierarchy of managing natural resources. However, a wide variety of phenomenon linked to climate change impact which could not be covered does not exclude the scope of applying Earth observation technology far and wide. Global and national perspectives, hence, deliberated herewith correspond to the generic know-how of the current technological scope and application to mostly operational needs.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express gratitude for the support and insights provided for this task by Shri Bishwadip Gharai, Former Head of the Atmospheric Sciences Group. The kind support provided by Dr. Prakash Chauhan, Director of NRSC, Dr. K. Vinod Kumar, Deputy Director of RSA and Dr. Rajashree V. Bothale, Deputy Director of ECSA, in developing this review is greatly acknowledged. Suggestions on addressing critical impacts aspects by Dr. K. Vinod Kumar has improved the scope of the work immensely. We would also like to express our deep gratitude to the support extended by Dr. M V Ramana, Group Head of AS and LSP CSG, ECSA. The authors also thank Mr. Mahesh P. (ASD, ECSA) for his resourceful help in compilation of this document. Timely and valuable inputs by Dr. Rajadeep Roy, scientist at RRSC-E, Kolkata, have added relevant strength in this review. We also thank all the support and guidance provided by Dr. K M Reddy, Head of Rural Development Division of RSA. The authors also thank the effort of Dr. Suneetha Manne, Professor and Head of IT Department at Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, and his team in supporting the initial compilation of information using customized tools.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rural Development and Watershed Monitoring Division, Remote Sensing Application Area National Remote Sensing Centre (ISRO), Hyderabad, India

    Girish S. Pujar

  2. Atmospheric Science Division, Earth and Climate Sciences Area, NRSC (ISRO), Hyderabad, India

    Alok Taori

  3. Agroecosystem and Modeling Division, Agricultural Sciences & Applications Group, Remote Sensing Applications Area, NRSC(ISRO), Hyderabad, India

    Abhishek Chakraborty

  4. Soils & Land Resources Assessment Division, Soil Resources & Land Use Mapping Group, Remote Sensing Application Area, NRSC (ISRO), Hyderabad, India

    Tarik Mitran

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Correspondence to Girish S. Pujar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rubber Research Institute of India (formerly), Kottayam, Kerala, India

    P. M. Priyadarshan

  2. Department Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Amity Centre for Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai, India

    Suprasanna Penna

  4. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

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Pujar, G.S., Taori, A., Chakraborty, A., Mitran, T. (2024). Sensing Climate Change Through Earth Observations: Perspectives at Global and National Level. In: Priyadarshan, P.M., Jain, S.M., Penna, S., Al-Khayri, J.M. (eds) Digital Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43548-5_8

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