Abstract
To make informed business model decisions, organizations measure the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) most relevant to the success of their business models. However, in today’s dynamic and networked environment, organizations face challenges in defining KPIs that fully capture the unique aspects of their business models. The existing literature offers limited support for defining KPIs relevant to business models. To address this research gap, in this paper, we propose a method to support the definition of business model KPIs. We follow the design science research methodology to develop the method and demonstrate its use in a collaborative business case in the automotive domain. This study contributes to business model research by providing a novel method for defining KPIs as a core part of business model performance management. From a practical perspective, it provides organizations with a systematic approach to identifying, selecting, and operationalizing KPIs for their business models.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Turetken, O., Grefen, P., Gilsing, R., Adali, O.E.: Service-dominant business model design for digital innovation in smart mobility. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 61, 9–29 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0565-x
Simmert, B., Ebel, P.A., Peters, C., Bittner, E.A.C., Leimeister, J.M.: Conquering the challenge of continuous business model improvement: design of a repeatable process. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 61, 451–468 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0556-y
Teece, D.J.: Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Plann. 43, 172–194 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.003
Gilsing, R., et al.: Defining business model key performance indicators using intentional linguistic summaries. Softw. Syst. Model. 20, 965–996 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/S10270-021-00894-X
Montemari, M., Chiucchi, M.S., Nielsen, C.: Designing performance measurement systems using business models. J. Bus. Models 7, 48–69 (2019). https://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jbm.v7i5.1905
Domínguez, E., Pérez, B., Rubio, Á.L., Zapata, M.A.: A taxonomy for key performance indicators management. Comput. Stand. Interfaces 64, 24–40 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CSI.2018.12.001
Gilsing, R., Turetken, O., Grefen, P., Ozkan, B., Adali, O.E.: Business model evaluation: a systematic review of methods. Pac. Asia J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 14, 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.14402
Van de Ven, M., Lara Machado, P., Athanasopoulou, A., Aysolmaz, B., Turetken, O.: Key performance indicators for business models: a review of literature. In: ECIS 2022 Research Papers (2022)
Wieland, U., Fischer, M., Pfitzner, M., Hilbert, A.: Process performance measurement system – towards a customer-oriented solution. Bus. Process. Manag. J. 21, 312–331 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-04-2014-0032
Kaplan, R.S., Norton, D.P.: Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harv Bus Rev. 74, 75–85 (1996)
Nielsen, C., Lund, M., Thomsen, P.: Killing the balanced scorecard to improve internal disclosure. J. Intellect. Cap. 18, 45–62 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-02-2016-0027
Graça, P., Camarinha-Matos, L.M.: Performance indicators for collaborative business ecosystems—literature review and trends. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 116, 237–255 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2016.10.012
Parmenter, D.: Key Performance Indicators: Developing, Implementing, and Using Winning KPIs. Wiley, Hoboken (2015)
Terrenghi, N., Schwarz, J., Legner, C., Eisert, U.: Business model management: current practices, required activities and IT support. In: Proceedings der 13. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2017), pp. 972–986 (2017)
Heikkilä, M., Bouwman, H., Heikkilä, J., Solaimani, S., Janssen, W.: Business model metrics: an open repository. Inf. Syst. e-Bus. Manag. 14, 337–366 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-015-0286-3
Lüdeke-Freund, F., Freudenreich, B., Schaltegger, S., Saviuc, I., Stock, M.: Sustainability-oriented business model assessment—a conceptual foundation. In: Carayannis, E., Sinadkis, S. (eds.) Analytics, Innovation, and Excellence-Driven Enterprise Sustainability, pp. 169–206. Palgrave Macmillan, New York (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37879-8_7
Geissdoerfer, M., Vladimirova, D., Evans, S.: Sustainable business model innovation: a review. J Clean Prod. 198, 401–416 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.06.240
Gregor, S., Hevner, A.R.: Positioning and presenting design science research for maximum impact. Manag. Inf. Syst. Q. 37, 337–355 (2013)
Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M.A., Chatterjee, S.: A design science research methodology for information systems research. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 24, 45–77 (2007). https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302
Nielsen, C., et al.: Depicting a performative research agenda: the 4th stage of business model research. J. Bus. Models 6, 59–64 (2018)
Lara Machado, P., van de Ven, M., Aysolmaz, B., Athanasopoulou, A., Ozkan, B., Turetken, O.: Methods that bridge business models and business processes: a synthesis of the literature. Bus. Process. Manag. J. 29, 48–74 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-08-2022-0396
Bouwman, H., de Reuver, M., Heikkilä, M., Fielt, E.: Business model tooling: where research and practice meet. Electron. Mark. 30, 413–419 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/S12525-020-00424-5
Veit, D., et al.: Business models. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 6, 45–53 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/S12599-013-0308-Y
Globocnik, D., Faullant, R., Parastuty, Z.: Bridging strategic planning and business model management – a formal control framework to manage business model portfolios and dynamics. Eur. Manag. J. 38, 231–243 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.08.005
Heikkilä, M., Solaimani, S., Soudunsaari, A., Hakanen, M., Kuivaniemi, L., Suoranta, M.: Performance estimation of networked business models: case study on a Finnish eHealth service project. J. Bus. Models 2, 71–88 (2014)
Van de Ven, M., Lara Machado, P., Athanasopoulou, A., Aysolmaz, B., Türetken, O.: Performance indicators for business models: the current state of research. J. Bus. Models 11, 38–57 (2023). https://doi.org/10.54337/JBM.V11I1.7177
Gilsing, R., et al.: Evaluating the design of service-dominant business models: a qualitative method. Pac. Asia J. Assoc. Inf. Syst. 13, 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.13102
Batocchio, A., Ferraz Minatogawa, V.L., Anholon, R.: Proposal for a method for business model performance assessment: toward an experimentation tool for business model innovation. J. Technol. Manag. Innov. 12, 61–70 (2017). https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242017000100007
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y.: Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. Wiley, Hoboken (2010)
Van de Ven, M., Lara Machado, P., Augenstein, D., Athanasopoulou, A., Aysolmaz, B., Turetken, O.: Defining key performance indicators for business models: design principles for a method and tool support. In: ECIS 2023 Research-in-Progress Papers (2023)
Hevner, A.R., March, S.T., Park, J., Ram, S.: Design science in information systems research. MIS Q. 28, 75–105 (2004)
Wirtz, B.W.: Business Model Management. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48017-2
Shahin, A., Mahbod, M.A.: Prioritization of key performance indicators: an integration of analytical hierarchy process and goal setting. Int. J. Product. Perform. Manag. 56, 226–240 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400710731437
Carlucci, D.: Evaluating and selecting key performance indicators: an ANP-based model. Meas. Bus. Excell. 14, 66–76 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1108/13683041011047876
Neely, A., Richards, H., Mills, J., Platts, K., Bourne, M.: Designing performance measures: a structured approach. Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. 17, 1131–1152 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579710177888
Popova, V., Sharpanskykh, A.: Modeling organizational performance indicators. Inf Syst. 35, 505–527 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IS.2009.12.001
del-Río-Ortega, A., Resinas, M., Durán, A., Ruiz-Cortés, A.: Using templates and linguistic patterns to define process performance indicators. Enterp. Inf. Syst. 10, 159–192 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2013.867543
Strecker, S., Frank, U., Heise, D., Kattenstroth, H.: MetricM: a modeling method in support of the reflective design and use of performance measurement systems. Inf. Syst. e-Bus. Manag. 10, 241–276 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/S10257-011-0172-6
Brinkkemper, S.: Method engineering: engineering of information systems development methods and tools. Inf. Softw. Technol. 38, 275–280 (1996)
Ralyté, J., Deneckère, R., Rolland, C.: Towards a generic model for situational method engineering. In: Eder, J., Missikoff, M. (eds.) CAiSE 2003. LNCS, vol. 2681, pp. 95–110. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45017-3_9
Sonnenberg, C., vom Brocke, J.: Evaluations in the science of the artificial – reconsidering the build-evaluate pattern in design science research. In: Peffers, K., Rothenberger, M., Kuechler, B. (eds.) DESRIST 2012. LNCS, vol. 7286, pp. 381–397. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29863-9_28
Venable, J., Pries-Heje, J., Baskerville, R.: FEDS: a framework for evaluation in design science research. Eur. J. Inf. Syst. 25, 77–89 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1057/EJIS.2014.36
Denner, M.S., Püschel, L.C., Röglinger, M.: How to exploit the digitalization potential of business processes. Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng. 60, 331–349 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/S12599-017-0509-X
Suratno, B.: A method for operationalizing service-dominant business models (2020)
Gassmann, O., Frankenberger, K., Csik, M.: The Business Model Navigator: 55 Models that Will Revolutionise Your Business. Pearson, UK (2014)
Grefen, P., Turetken, O., Traganos, K., den Hollander, A., Eshuis, R.: Creating agility in traffic management by collaborative service-dominant business engineering. In: Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Bénaben, F., Picard, W. (eds.) PRO-VE 2015. IAICT, vol. 463, pp. 100–109. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24141-8_9
Saaty, T.L.: A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures. J. Math. Psychol. 15, 234–281 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
Fishburn, P.C.: Additive utilities with incomplete product sets: application to priorities and assignments. Oper. Res. 15, 537–542 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1287/OPRE.15.3.537
Athanasopoulou, A., de Reuver, M., Nikou, S., Bouwman, H.: What technology enabled services impact business models in the automotive industry? An exploratory study. Futures 109, 73–83 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUTURES.2019.04.001
Abbas, A.E., Agahari, W., van de Ven, M., Zuiderwijk, A., de Reuver, M.: Business data sharing through data marketplaces: a systematic literature review. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 16, 3321–3339 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/JTAER16070180
Türetken, O., Gilsing, R.A.M., Adali, O.E., Grefen, P., Ozkan, B.: Business model blueprints for urban mobility services: a catalogue for cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS). Independently Published (2022)
Bergman, R., Abbas, A.E., Jung, S., Werker, C., de Reuver, M.: Business model archetypes for data marketplaces in the automotive industry: contrasting business models of data marketplaces with varying ownership and orientation structures. Electron. Mark. 32, 747–765 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/S12525-022-00547-X
Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Smith, A., Etiemble, F.: The Invincible Company: How to Constantly Reinvent Your Organization with Inspiration From the World’s Best Business Models. Wiley, Hoboken (2020)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
van de Ven, M., Lara Machado, P., Aysolmaz, B., Turetken, O. (2023). Supporting the Definition of Key Performance Indicators for Business Models. In: Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Boucher, X., Ortiz, A. (eds) Collaborative Networks in Digitalization and Society 5.0. PRO-VE 2023. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 688. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42622-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42622-3_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-42621-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-42622-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)