Abstract
While lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans are widely recognized sexual and gender minority identity labels, a rapidly growing proportion of LGBTQ+ people are adopting identity labels that are less widely known. These newer identity terms are used to denote gender identities outside of the gender/sex binary (e.g., nonbinary), sexual identities that do not reference that binary (e.g., pansexual, queer), and sexual and romantic identities that express complex understandings of desire and attractions (e.g., asexual, demisexual). This chapter explores some new identity labels and argues that their increasing adoption reflects the empowerment of LGBTQ+ people who are defining their sexual and gendered lives on their own terms. This process of self-definition enables the creation of more authentic personal and social identities and may buffer against the effects of minority stress. The chapter concludes with recommendations for research and clinical practice that incorporates newer ways of thinking about gender and sexuality and centers the lived experience of LGBTQ+ people.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
We use the acronym LGBT to refer to traditional identity labels (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans) and LGBTQ+ (which adds queer and unspecified others) to refer to the more expansive and diverse community that is the subject of this chapter. We occasionally use the term queer on its own as an umbrella term (as is often used by members of the LGBTQ+ community) (Pfeffer, 2014) to refer to people, relationships, and communities that do not conform to heteronormative and cisgender prescriptions (Hammack et al., 2019).
- 2.
Collins argues for a third level—the systemic (social institutions). For the purposes of our argument, we are considering only the first two levels.
- 3.
When considering the global context and the parts of the world in which the majority of people live, the gender system is not generally binary, and instead other gender systems are practiced. These include societies with more than two genders, societies that see gender as fluid, and societies that see nonbinary or fluid people as performing important social roles (Hegarty et al., 2018).
- 4.
In some Spanish-speaking locales, there has been a similar reclamation of former slurs by LGBTQ+ people (Vidal-Ortiz, 2011).
References
Alessi, E. J., Kahn, S., Greenfield, B., Woolner, L., & Manning, D. (2020). A qualitative exploration of the integration experiences of LGBTQ refugees who fled from the Middle East, North Africa, and Central and South Asia to Austria and the Netherlands. Sexuality Research & Social Policy: A Journal of the NSRC, 17(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-018-0364-7
American Counseling Association. (2009). Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling (ALGBTIC) Competencies for counseling transgender clients. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/competencies/algbtic_competencies.pdf?sfvrsn=d8d3732f_12
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780521315289.dsm-iii
American Psychological Association. (2015). Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people. American Psychologist, 70, 832–864. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039906
American Psychological Association, APA Task Force on Psychological Practice with Sexual Minority Persons. (2021). Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Sexual Minority Persons. www.apa.org/about/policy/psychological-practice-sexual-minority-persons.pdf
Ansara, Y. G., & Hegarty, P. (2014). Methodologies of misgendering: Recommendations for reducing cisgenderism in psychological research. Feminism & Psychology, 24(2), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353514526217
Balzer Carr, B., Ben Hagai, E., & Zurbriggen, E. L. (2017). Queering Bem: Theoretical intersections between Sandra Bem’s scholarship and queer theory. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 76, 655–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0546-1
Barker, M., Richards, C., & Bowes-Catton, H. (2009). “All the world is queer save thee and me…”: Defining queer and bi at a critical sexology seminar. Journal of Bisexuality, 9(3–4), 363–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299710903316638
Barrett, R. (2017). From drag queens to leatherman: Language, gender and gay male subcultures. Oxford University Press.
Barsigian, L. L., Hammack, P. L., Morrow, Q. J., Wilson, B. D. M., & Russell, S. T. (2020). Narratives of gender, sexuality, and community in three generations of genderqueer sexual minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(3), 276–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000384
Beemyn, G. (2014). US history. In L. Erickson-Schroth (Ed.), Trans bodies, trans selves: A resource for the transgender community (pp. 501–536). Oxford University Press.
Beemyn, G., & Rankin, S. (2011). The lives of transgender people. Columbia University Press.
Belous, C. K., & Bauman, M. L. (2017). What’s in a name? Exploring pansexuality online. Journal of Bisexuality, 17(1), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2016.1224212
Bem, S. L. (1995). Dismantling gender polarization and compulsory heterosexuality: Should we turn the volume down or up? Journal of Sex Research, 32(4), 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499509551806
Ben Hagai, E., Annechino, R., & Antin, T. (2022). Comparing conceptions of gender, sexuality and lesbian identity between baby boomers and millennials. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 26(3), 216–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2021.1972915
Ben Hagai, E., & Zurbriggen, E. L. (2022). Queer theory and psychology: Gender, sexuality, and transgender identities. Springer/Nature.
Better, A. (2014). Redefining queer: Women’s relationships and identity in an age of sexual fluidity. Sexuality & Culture: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 18(1), 16–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-013-9171-8
Borgogna, N. C., McDermott, R. C., Aita, S. L., & Kridel, M. M. (2019). Anxiety and depression across gender and sexual minorities: Implications for transgender, gender nonconforming, pansexual, demisexual, asexual, queer, and questioning individuals. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 6(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000306
Bornstein, K. (1994). Gender outlaw: On men, women and the rest of us. Routledge.
Brotto, L. A., Knudson, G., Inskip, J., Rhodes, K., & Erskine, Y. (2010). Asexuality: A mixed-methods approach. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 599–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9434-x
Brownfield, J. M., & Brown, C. (2022). The relations among outness, authenticity, and well-being for bisexual adults. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 9(1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000390
Bullough, V. L. (1994). Science in the bedroom: A history of sex research. Basic Books.
Callis, A. S. (2014). Bisexual, pansexual, queer: Non-binary identities and the sexual borderlands. Sexualities, 17(1–2), 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460713511094
Chauncey, G. (1994). Gay New York: Gender, urban culture, and the making of the gay male world 1890–1940. Basic Books.
Cohen, C. J. (2014). Deviance as resistance: A new research agenda for the study of black politics. In T. L. Anderson (Ed.), Understanding deviance: Connecting classical and contemporary perspectives (pp. 478–495). Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
Collins, P. H. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Routledge.
Collins, P. H. (2019). Intersectionality as critical social theory. Duke University Press.
Corrales, J., & Pecheny, M. (2010). The politics of sexuality in Latin America: A reader on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights. University of Pittsburgh Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vkfk6
Cowan, T., & LeBlanc, A. (2018). Feelings under dynamic description: The asexual spectrum and new ways of being. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 38(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000076
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–167. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf
Diamond, L. M. (2003). What does sexual orientation orient? A biobehavioral model distinguishing romantic love and sexual desire. Psychological Review, 110(1), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.173
Duggan, L. (1992). Making it perfectly queer. Socialist Review, 22(1), 11–35.
Else-Quest, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2016a). Intersectionality in quantitative psychological research: I theoretical and epistemological issues. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684316629797
Else-Quest, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2016b). Intersectionality in quantitative psychological research: II methods and techniques. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(3), 319–336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684316647953
Feinberg, L. (1992). Transgender liberation: A movement whose time has come? World View Forum. https://www.workers.org/books2016/Feinberg_Transgender_Liberation.pdf
Frohard‐Dourlent, H., Dobson, S., Clark, B. A., Doull, M., & Saewyc, E. M. (2016). “I would have preferred more options”: Accounting for non‐binary youth in health research. Nursing Inquiry, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12150
Frost, D. M., Hammack, P. L., Wilson, B. D. M., Russell, S. T., Lightfoot, M., & Meyer, I. H. (2020). The qualitative interview in psychology and the study of social change: Sexual identity development, minority stress, and health in the generations study. Qualitative Psychology, 7(3), 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000148
Galupo, M. P., Davis, K. S., Grynkiewicz, A. L., & Mitchell, R. C. (2014). Conceptualization of sexual orientation identity among sexual minorities: Patterns across sexual and gender identity. Journal of Bisexuality, 14(3–4), 433–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2014.933466
Galupo, M. P., Mitchell, R. C., & Davis, K. S. (2015). Sexual minority self-identification: Multiple identities and complexity. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(4), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000131
Galupo, M. P., Pulice-Farrow, L. K., & Ramirez, J. L. (2017a). “Like a constantly flowing river”: Gender identity flexibility among non-binary transgender individuals. In J. D. Sinnott (Ed.), Identity flexibility during adulthood: Perspectives in adult development (pp. 163–177). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55658-1_10
Galupo, M. P., Ramirez, J. L., & Pulice-Farrow, L. (2017b). “Regardless of their gender”: Descriptions of sexual identity among bisexual, pansexual, and queer identified individuals. Journal of Bisexuality, 17(1), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2016.1228491
Goldberg, S. K., Rothblum, E. D., Russell, S. T., & Meyer, I. H. (2019). Exploring the Q in LGBTQ: Demographic characteristic and sexuality of queer people in a US representative sample of sexual minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 7(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000359
Gray, A., & Desmarais, S. (2014). Not all one and the same: Sexual identity, activism, and collective self-esteem. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2400
Greaves, L. M., Sibley, C. G., Fraser, G., & Barlow, F. K. (2019). Comparing pansexual- and bisexual-identified participants on demographics, psychological well-being, and political ideology in a New Zealand national sample. Journal of Sex Research, 56(9), 1083–1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1568376
Gupta, K. (2015). Compulsory sexuality: Evaluating an emerging concept. Signs, 41(1), 131–154. https://doi.org/10.1086/681774
Gupta, K. (2017a). ‘And now I’m just different, but there’s nothing actually wrong with me’: Asexual marginalization and resistance. Journal of Homosexuality, 64(8), 991–1013. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1236590
Gupta, K. (2017b). What does asexuality teach us about sexual disinterest? Recommendations for health professionals based on a qualitative study with asexually identified people. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 43(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2015.111359
Halperin, D. M. (1990). One hundred years of homosexuality and other essays on Greek love. Routledge.
Halperin, D. M. (2002). How to do the history of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
Hammack, P. L., Frost, D. M., & Hughes, S. D. (2019). Queer intimacies: A new paradigm for the study of relationship diversity. Journal of Sex Research, 56(4–5), 556–592. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1531281
Hammack, P. L., Hughes, S. D., Atwood, J. M., Cohen, E. M., & Clark, R. C. (2022). Gender and sexual identity in adolescence: A mixed-methods study of labeling in diverse community settings. Journal of Adolescent Research, 37(2), 167–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211000315
Hegarty, P., Ansara, Y. G., & Barker, M.-J. (2018). Nonbinary gender identities. In N. K. Dess, J. Marecek, & L. C. Bell (Eds.), Gender, sex, and sexualities: Psychological perspectives (pp. 53–76). Oxford University Press.
Hirschfeld, M., & Lombardi-Nash, M. A. (1991). Transvestites: The erotic drive to cross dress. Prometheus Books.
Horne, S. G., & McGinley, M. (2022). Sexual orientation change efforts and gender identity change efforts in international contexts: Global exports, local commodities. In D. C. Haldeman (Ed.), The case against conversion “therapy”: Evidence, ethics, and alternatives (pp. 221–246). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000266-011
Hughto, J. M. W., Reisner, S. L., & Pachankis, J. E. (2015). Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 147, 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.010
Hyde, J. S., Bigler, R. S., Joel, D., Tate, C. C., & van Anders, S. M. (2018). The future of sex and gender in psychology: Five challenges to the gender binary. American Psychologist, 74(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000307
Jourdan, M. C., & Keenan, H. B. (2022). Our selves. In L. Erickson-Schroth (Ed.), Trans bodies, trans selves (2nd ed., pp. 3–26). Oxford University Press.
Kennedy, E. L., & Davis, M. D. (1993). Boots of leather, slippers of gold: The history of a lesbian community. Penguin.
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
Knutson, D., Koch, J. M., & Goldbach, C. (2019). Recommended terminology, pronouns, and documentation for work with transgender and non-binary populations. Practice Innovations, 4(4), 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000098
Kuper, L. E., Nussbaum, R., & Mustanski, B. (2012). Exploring the diversity of gender and sexual orientation identities in an online sample of transgender individuals. Journal of Sex Research, 49(2–3), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2011.596954
Kuper, L. E., Wright, L., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Stud identity among female-born youth of color: Joint conceptualizations of gender variance and same-sex sexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(5), 714–731. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.870443
Levitt, H. M. (2019). A psychosocial genealogy of LGBTQ+ gender: An empirically based theory of gender and gender identity cultures. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 43(3), 275–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684319834641
Levitt, H. M., Horne, S. G., Herbitter, C., Ippolito, M., Reeves, T., Baggett, L. R., Maxwell, D., Dunnavant, B., & Geiss, M. (2016). Resilience in the face of sexual minority stress: “Choices” between authenticity and self-determination. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 28(1), 67–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2016.1126212
Manalastas, E. J., Ojanen, T. T., Torre, B. A., Ratanashevorn, R., Hong, B. C. C., Kumaresan, V., & Veeramuthu, V. (2017). Homonegativity in Southeast Asia: Attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 17(1), 25–33. https://pages.upd.edu.ph/ejmanalastas/publications/homonegativity-southeast-asia-attitudes-toward-lesbians-and-gay-men-indonesia-malaysia
Marecek, J. (2016). Invited reflection: Intersectionality theory and feminist psychology. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684316641090
Matsuno, E. (2019). Nonbinary-affirming psychological interventions. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 26(4), 617–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.09.003
McCormick-Huhn, K., Warner, L. R., Settles, I. H., & Shields, S. A. (2019). What if psychology took intersectionality seriously? Changing how psychologists think about participants. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 43(4), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684319866430
Mereish, E. H., Katz-Wise, S. L., & Woulfe, J. (2017). We’re here and we’re queer: Sexual orientation and sexual fluidity differences between bisexual and queer women. Journal of Bisexuality, 17(1), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2016.1217448
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Milković, M. (2013). Brutal reality: A research study investigating anti-LGBTIQ violence, discrimination and hate crime in Croatia. Zagreb Pride.
Morandini, J. S., Blaszczynski, A., & Dar-Nimrod, I. (2017). Who adopts queer and pansexual sexual identities? Journal of Sex Research, 54(7), 911–922. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1249332
Morgan, E. M. (2013). Contemporary issues in sexual orientation and identity development in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 1(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696812469187
Oosterhuis, H. (2000). Stepchildren of nature: Krafft-Ebing. University of Chicago Press.
Pfeffer, C. A. (2014). “I don’t like passing as a straight woman”: Queer negotiations of identity and social group membership. American Journal of Sociology, 120(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1086/677197
Queer Nation NY. (2016). Queer Nation NY History. Queer Nation NY. https://queernationny.org/history
Reid, L., Newman, P. A., Lau, H., Tephan, S., & Akkakanjanasupar, P. (2022). A scoping review of LGBT+ inclusion in Thailand: Policy proposals and recommendations. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 19, 1731–1746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-022-00751-6
Richards, C., Bouman, W. P., Seal, L., Barker, M. J., Nieder, T. O., & T'Sjoen, G. (2016). Non-binary or genderqueer genders. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446
Rider, G. N., Vencill, J. A., Berg, D. R., Becker-Warner, R., Candelario-Pérez, L., & Spencer, K. G. (2019). The gender affirmative lifespan approach (gala): A framework for competent clinical care with nonbinary clients. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(2–3), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1485069
Riggle, E. D. B., & Rostosky, S. S. (2012). A positive view of LGBTQ: Embracing identity and cultivating well-being. Rowman & Littlefield.
Riggle, E. D. B., Rostosky, S. S., Black, W. W., & Rosenkrantz, D. E. (2017). Outness, concealment, and authenticity: Associations with LGB individuals’ psychological distress and well-being. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 4(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000202
Rosenthal, L. (2016). Incorporating intersectionality into psychology: An opportunity to promote social justice and equity. American Psychologist, 71(6), 474–485. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040323
Rubin, G. (1999). Thinking sex: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality. In P. Aggleton & R. Parker (Eds.), Culture, society and sexuality: A reader (2nd ed., pp. 143–178). UCL Press.
Savin-Williams, R. C. (2014). An exploratory study of the categorical versus spectrum nature of sexual orientation. Journal of Sex Research, 51(4), 446–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.871691
Scherrer, K. S. (2008). Coming to an asexual identity: Negotiating identity, negotiating desire. Sexualities, 11(5), 621–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460708094269
Scherrer, K. S., & Pfeffer, C. A. (2017). None of the above: Toward identity and community-based understandings of (a)sexualities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 643–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0900-6
Singh, A. A. (2016). Major contribution reaction: Yes! And let’s move further toward trans liberation. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(7), 1050–1061. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000016669435
Smith, T. E., Singletary, K., & Trionfo, A. N. (2020). Youth sexual and gender identities: Thirteen years of change [Poster Presentation]. Society for Research on Adolescence.
Stryker, S. (1994). My words to Victor Frankenstein above the village of Chamounix: Performing transgender Rage. Gay and Lesbian Quarterly, 1(3), 237–254. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-1-3-237
Sue, D. W. (2001). Multidimensional facets of cultural competence. Counseling Psychologist, 29(6), 790–821. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000001296002
Swann, G., Crosby, S., Newcomb, M. E., & Whitton, S. W. (2023). Intersectional stigma and mental health: Interactions with identity authenticity and SGM community in sexual and gender minoritized young adults of color. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000580
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relation (pp. 7–24). Hall Publishers.
Tate, C. C., Ledbetter, J., & Youssef, C. (2013). A two-question method for assessing gender categories in the social and medical sciences. Journal of Sex Research, 50(8), 767–776. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.690110
Tate, C. C., Youssef, C. P., & Bettergarcia, J. N. (2014). Integrating the study of transgender spectrum and cisgender experiences of self-categorization from a personality perspective. Review of General Psychology, 18(4), 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000019
Tebbe, E. A., & Budge, S. L. (2016). Research with trans communities: Applying a process-oriented approach to methodological considerations and research recommendations. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(7), 996–1024. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015609045
Terry, J. (1999). An American obsession: Science, medicine, and homosexuality in modern society. University of Chicago Press.
van Anders, S. M. (2015). Beyond sexual orientation: Integrating gender/sex and diverse sexualities via Sexual Configurations Theory. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(5), 1177–1213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0490-8
Vidal-Ortiz, S. (2011). “Maricón,” “Pájaro,” and “Loca”: Cuban and Puerto Rican linguistic practices, and sexual minority participation, in U.S. Santería. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(6–7), 901–918. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.581933
von Krafft-Ebing, R. (1931). Psychopathia sexualis (16th & 17th ed., R. Lobstein, Trans.). Payot.
Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M., & Joseph, S. (2008). The authentic personality: A theoretical and empirical conceptualization and the development of the Authenticity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(3), 385–399. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385
Worthen, M. G. F. (2022). Categorically queer? An exploratory study of identifying queer in the USA. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 19, 1090–1113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-021-00606-6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, T.E., Yost, M.R. (2023). The Power of Self-Identification: Naming the “Plus” in LGBT+. In: Zurbriggen, E.L., Capdevila, R. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Power, Gender, and Psychology . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41531-9_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41531-9_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-41530-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-41531-9
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)