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High-Temperature W/ZrC Composite Coatings

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Ceramic Coatings for High-Temperature Environments

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Abstract

Owing to their outstanding strength, resistance to thermal shock and ablation, high thermal stability, and good thermal expansion, composites of tungsten with zirconium carbide (W/ZrC) have attracted great attention for high-temperature applications. Various techniques can be used for the production of W/ZrC composites, including hot-pressing, spark plasma sintering, in-situ reaction sintering, and displacive compensation of porosity. Both hot-pressing and spark plasma sintering are typically used for preparing small-sized samples with simple geometry. Both in-situ reactive sintering and reactive infiltration methods are well-suited to produce refractory metal/ carbide composites. The reactive infiltration method benefits from a thorough infiltration step because of the good wettability of WC by low-melting metallic liquid of Zr2Cu in a preform to produce a near net-shaped W/ZrC composite. The reaction of zirconium carbide with oxygen can enhance oxidation resistance through the formation of ZrO2 layer which can be melted at a higher temperature (2677 ℃), covering the surface to avoid further oxidation of substrates. Several methods have been reported to deposit the composite on complex-shaped substrates. The results showed good adhesion between coating and graphite substrates as well as a considerable increase in mechanical properties resulting from the formation of solid solution in composites. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to review the preparation of WC preforms which are mainly based on the polymerization of low-toxic methacrylamide and gelation of non-toxic sodium alginate to prepare porous preforms with complex geometries and summarize the preparation methods of W/ZrC composites using reactive sintering and infiltration methods, focusing on microstructures, mechanical properties, and progress in coating applications.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

APS:

Ammonium persulfate

BSE:

Backscattered electron

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DCP:

Displacive compensation of porosity

HP:

Hot pressing

MAM:

Methacrylamide

MBAM:

N,N′-Methylene bisacrylamide

ORN:

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

RMs:

Refractory metals

SAD:

Selected area diffraction

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SPS:

Spark Plasma Sintering

TEM:

Trasmision electron microscopy

TEMED:

N,N,N,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine

TIG:

Tungsten inert gas

W:

Tungsten

WC:

Tungsten carbide

ZrC:

Zirconium carbide

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Acknowledgements

This research work has been supported by the Research Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, by the project: Advancement and support of R&D for “Centre for diagnostics and quality testing of materials” in the domains of the RIS3 SK specialization, Acronym: CEDITEK II., ITMS2014+ code 313011W442.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Joint Glass Centre of the IIC SAS, TNUAD, and FChPT STU, FunGlass, Študentská 2, 91150, Trenčín, Slovak Republic

    Aliasghar Najafzadehkhoee & Dušan Galusek

  2. FunGlass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Študentská 2, 91150, Trenčín, Slovak Republic

    Maryam Vakhshouri & Dušan Galusek

  3. Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, 04001, Slovak Republic

    Pavol Hvizdoš

Authors
  1. Aliasghar Najafzadehkhoee
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  2. Maryam Vakhshouri
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  3. Pavol Hvizdoš
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  4. Dušan Galusek
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Correspondence to Aliasghar Najafzadehkhoee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. FunGlass—Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia

    Amirhossein Pakseresht

  2. FunGlass—Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia

    Kamalan Kirubaharan Amirtharaj Mosas

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Najafzadehkhoee, A., Vakhshouri, M., Hvizdoš, P., Galusek, D. (2024). High-Temperature W/ZrC Composite Coatings. In: Pakseresht, A., Amirtharaj Mosas, K.K. (eds) Ceramic Coatings for High-Temperature Environments. Engineering Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40809-0_15

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