Abstract
Darwin’s fifth chapter, “The Laws of Variation,” may stand in the shadow of the first four that climax with his presentation of “Natural Selection,” but its importance should not be underestimated. It deals with philosophical and methodological issues in the study of variation that would be hotly debated for decades after the publication of the book, many of which are still unsettled today. As the chapter title suggests, Darwin felt that a proper scientific study of variation had to discover the laws of nature that governed it. He could not simply let it be random. He looked for laws in the patterns of co-occurrence of changes in different parts of the body or the same part in different species and also in the apparent consistencies in the effects of environment and habit. There is no one main line of argument in this chapter, but rather an exploration of multiple possible conceptions, patterns, and laws of variation—all ways in which variation might not be entirely random. For example: To what extent was variation responsive to environmental changes or to the organism’s needs and habits? And if Darwin admitted such responses, then how was his theory any different from Lamarck’s? Do all parts of the organism vary freely and independently or are there hidden connections, correlations, or trade-offs between varying parts of the body? Why do related species seem often to vary in similar ways? Many of these questions are still with us, in modern evolutionary developmental biology (“evo-devo”) and studies of epigenetics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Balter, M. (2000). Was Lamarck just a little bit right? Science, 288(5463), 38–38.
Darwin, C. R. (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection: Or the preservation of favored races in the struggle for life. John Murray.
Darwin, C. R. (1868). The variation of animals and plants under domestication. John Murray.
Darwin Correspondence Project, “letter no. 3256”. https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-3256.xml
Gliboff, S. (2011). The golden age of Lamarckism, 1866–1926. In S. B. Gissis & E. Jablonka (Eds.), Transformations of Lamarckism: From subtle fluids to molecular biology (pp. 45–55). MIT Press.
Gould, S. J., & Lewontin, R. C. (1979). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 205(1161), 581–598.
Harman, O. S. (2009). Neo-Darwinism and random variation: Or why it’s important to read Darwin carefully. In J. Seckbach & R. Gordon (Eds.), Divine action and natural selection: Science, faith, and evolution (pp. 139–152). World Scientific.
Jablonka, E., Lamb, M. J., & Avital, E. (1998). ‘Lamarckian’ mechanisms in Darwinian evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 13(5), 206–210.
Moczek, A. P., & Nijhout, H. F. (2004). Trade-offs during the development of primary and secondary sexual traits in a horned beetle. American Naturalist, 163(2), 184–191.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gliboff, S. (2023). Origin’s Chapter V: How “Random” Is Evolutionary Change?. In: Elice Brzezinski Prestes, M. (eds) Understanding Evolution in Darwin's "Origin". History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, vol 34. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40165-7_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40165-7_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-40164-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-40165-7
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)