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Cardiovascular Consequences of Metabolic Disturbances in Women

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Biology of Women’s Heart Health

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 26))

Abstract

Metabolic disorders in humans are characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, impaired glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia affecting main systemic parameters as well as cells and organs such as cardiometabolic disturbances. These create high risks for the prevalence of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolism is defined as a process in cells to provide energy and remove waste products via catabolism and anabolism. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is present in about 5% of the population with normal body weight, 20% who are overweight, and 60% of those who are considered obese, while it increases with age in a sex-specific manner. For instance, MetS are slightly higher in men below 50 years, with a marked reversal after 50 years (https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/metabolic-syndrome). Sex differences in CVDs have been reported in human and animal studies, how they are involved in women's diseases, effectiveness of therapies, and clinical outcomes compared to men, however, there are various complex molecular mechanisms underlining these differences which needs to be clarified. According to current knowledge on sex-dependent differences, electrophysiological parameters, contractility, several intracellular signaling mechanisms concentrated on cellular metabolism, gene and protein expressions, and posttranslational protein modification in the heart. Taking into consideration, the pleiotropic effects of estrogen, it exerts a protective effect on the cardiovascular system throughout the premenopausal period of women. The cardioprotective action of estrogen on the cardiovascular system largely depends on its critical role in the prevention and/or regulation of oxidative stress in the heart.

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  1. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey

    Belma Turan

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  1. The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Lorrie Kirshenbaum

  2. The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin

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The experimental protocol with rats was by the standards of the European Community guidelines on the care and use of laboratory animals and they have been approved by the local ethics committee of Ankara University (No: 2015–12-137).

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Turan, B. (2023). Cardiovascular Consequences of Metabolic Disturbances in Women. In: Kirshenbaum, L., Rabinovich-Nikitin, I. (eds) Biology of Women’s Heart Health. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39928-2_26

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