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Inflammation and Diabetes Mellitus

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Obesity, Diabetes and Inflammation

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

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Abstract

Diabetes is increasingly prevalent, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for the vast majority of cases of diabetes. Although insulitis, the presence of immune cells around the pancreatic islet cells, has traditionally been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), it is a phenomenon that is also observed in T2D. Inflammation is present in the pathogenesis of not only T1D and T2D but also immune checkpoint inhibitor induced-diabetes. In T2D, inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and is seen in organ systems, including adipose tissue (AT) and the liver. Both for T1D and T2D, therapies targeting inflammation have been and are currently being investigated.

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Abbreviations

ADA:

American Diabetes Association

APC:

Antigen-presenting cell

AT:

Adipose tissue

BMI:

Body mass index

CAA:

Serum amyloid A

CANTOS:

Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study

CCL:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand

CI:

Confidence interval

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CTLA4:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

CXCL:

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand

DAISY:

Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young

DEFEND:

Durable Response Therapy Evaluation for Early or New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

DIPP:

Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FFA:

Free fatty acid

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide 1

GLP-1RA:

GLP-1 receptor agonist

GPR120:

G-coupled receptor 120

HbA1c:

Hemoglobin A1c

HFD:

High-fat diet

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

ICI:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

IL:

Interleukin

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MoBa:

Mother and Child Cohort study

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

NASH:

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

NOD:

Non-obese diabetic mouse model

OGTT:

Oral glucose tolerance test

PD-1:

Programmed cell dead 1

PD-L1:

Programmed cell death ligand 1

PTPN22:

Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

sCD163:

Serum cluster of differentiation protein 163

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acid

SGLT2:

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

TEDDY:

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young

TNFα:

Tumor-necrosis factor α

UI:

Uncertainty interval

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Sooyoung Lim, Sudipa Sarkar & Rexford S. Ahima

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  1. Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Dimiter Avtanski

  2. Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA

    Leonid Poretsky

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Lim, S., Sarkar, S., Ahima, R.S. (2023). Inflammation and Diabetes Mellitus. In: Avtanski, D., Poretsky, L. (eds) Obesity, Diabetes and Inflammation. Contemporary Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39721-9_3

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