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Nanoscale Vaccines for Influenza

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Nanomedicines for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Part of the book series: AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series ((AAPS,volume 56))

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Abstract

Influenza, a contagious respiratory illness, spreads easily via contaminated surfaces and air. In majority of the cases, the symptoms are minor, including fever, fatigue, chills, and runny nose. In very few cases, it can lead to severe complications, specifically in people with underlying health conditions, older persons, and children. Vaccines have proven to be the most effective way to prevent and control the spread of influenza. Vaccination can reduce illness and lessen severity of infection. However, current challenges to effective influenza vaccination include a need for annual vaccination, constant mutations to the circulating strains, emergence of antigenically novel vaccines, a need of adjuvants for improving the immunogenicity in immunologically weaker population, and less cross-protected immune responses. Here, we summarize the conventional and modern technologies used for the production of antigens for immunizations. Additionally, we have reviewed the use of various adaptive pathways, like use of adjuvants and mRNA technology, and tracked their progress in clinical trials. This chapter focuses majorly on currently licensed influenza vaccines, the potential challenges that arise because of influenza virus biology, and the vaccine approaches that address these challenges.

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Conflicts of interest

Shashank Bhangde is a doctoral student at the Northeastern University, Boston, MA, who participates in a postgraduate studentship program at GSK.

Rushit Lodaya is an employee of the GSK group of companies.

Trademark statements: FluMist was a trademark of Medimmune LLC. Flucelvax, Flucelvax quadrivalent, Optaflu, Celtura, Fluad, Audenz are trademarks of Seqirus UK Limited. Flublok is a trademark of Protein Sciences Corporation. Celvapan, Preflucel are trademarks of Ology Bioservices Inc. Humenza is a trademark of Sanofi Pasteur. Inflexal is a trademark of Janssen Vaccines AG. Orniflu is a trademark of Microgen. Panflu is a trademark of Sinovac.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Shashank Bhangde & Mansoor M. Amiji

  2. GSK Vaccines, Rockville Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, USA

    Rushit N. Lodaya

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Mansoor M. Amiji

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  1. Shashank Bhangde
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  3. Mansoor M. Amiji
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Correspondence to Mansoor M. Amiji .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (Elite status), Deemed University Matunga, Mumbai, India

    Vandana B. Patravale

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. K. Coit College of Pharmacy University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA

    Abhijit A. Date

  3. Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India

    Anil B. Jindal

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Bhangde, S., Lodaya, R.N., Amiji, M.M. (2023). Nanoscale Vaccines for Influenza. In: Patravale, V.B., Date, A.A., Jindal, A.B. (eds) Nanomedicines for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, vol 56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39020-3_11

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