Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Congenital Rubella Infection and Hearing Loss

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hearing Loss in Congenital, Neonatal and Childhood Infections

Part of the book series: Comprehensive ENT ((CENT))

  • 194 Accesses

Abstract

Rubella is generally mild, self-limited, and vaccine-preventable contagious viral infection, mainly affecting children aged 2–12 years. Rubella virus infection is specified with maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, and sometimes fever. Arthritis might accompany rubella, especially in women, but is observed less in men and children. Although rare, encephalitis can also develop during rubella infection, more commonly in adults [1].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gershon A. Rubella virus (German measles). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, editors. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. p. 2007–12.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Toizumi M, Vo HM, Dang DA, Moriuchi H, Yoshida LM. Clinical manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome: a review of our experience in Vietnam. Vaccine. 2019;37:202–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gregg NM. Congenital cataract following German measles in the mother. 1941. Trans Ophthalmol Soc Aust. 1941;3:35–46. [Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1991;19:267–276. Epidemiol Infect. 1991;107(1): iii–xiv].

    Google Scholar 

  4. Duszak RS. Congenital rubella syndrome - major review. Optometry. 2009;80:36–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Moss WJ, Shendale S, Lindstrand A, et al. Feasibility assessment of measles and rubella eradication. Vaccine. 2021;39:3544–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Keith CG. Congenital rubella infection from reinfection of previously immunised mothers. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1991;19:291–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Maldonado YA, Shetty AK. Rubella virus. In: Long SS, Prober CG, Fischer M, Kimberlin DW, editors. Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2023. p. 1161–7.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Weller TH, Neva FA. Propagation in tissue culture of cytopathic agents from patients with rubella-like illness. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1962;111:215–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lee JY, Bowden DS. Rubella virus replication and links to teratogenicity. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13:571–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Thompson KM, Simons EA, Badizadegan K, Reef SE, Cooper LZ. Characterization of the risks of adverse outcomes following rubella ınfection in pregnancy. Risk Anal. 2016;36:1315–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Mali A, Giri P. A mini review on rubella virus. Acta Sci Med Sci. 2018;2:10–4. https://www.actascientific.com/ASMS/pdf/ASMS-02-0141.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  12. DuBois RM, Vaney MC, Tortorici A, et al. Functional and evolutionary insight from the crystal structure of rubella virus protein E1. Nature. 2013;493:552–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Cong H, Jiang Y, Tien P. Identification of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein as a cellular receptor for rubella virus. J Virol. 2011;85:11038–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Grillner L, Forsgren M, Barr B, Böttiger M, Danielsson L, De Verdier C. Outcome of rubella during pregnancy with special reference to the 17th-24th weeks of gestation. Scand J Infect Dis. 1983;15:321–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Miller E. Rubella in the United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect. 1991;107:31–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Webster WS. Teratogen update: congenital rubella. Teratology. 1998;58:13–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Brookhouser PE, Bordley JE. Congenital rubella deafness. Pathology and pathogenesis. Arch Otolaryngol. 1973;98:252–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Nguyen TV, Pham VH, Abe K. Pathogenesis of congenital rubella virus infection in human fetuses: viral infection in the ciliary body could play an important role in cataractogenesis. EBioMedicine. 2014;2:59–63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Perelygina L, Zheng Q, Metcalfe M, Icenogle J. Persistent infection of human fetal endothelial cells with rubella virus. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e73014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella and congenital rubella surveillance, 1983. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1984;33(SS-4):1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome control and elimination global progress, 2000-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62:983–6.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Reef SE, Cochi SL. The evidence for the elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in the United States: a public health achievement. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(Suppl 3):s123–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Njau J, Janta D, Stanescu A, et al. Assessment of economic burden of concurrent measles and rubella outbreaks, Romania, 2011-2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25:1101–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Yazigi A, De Pecoulas AE, Vauloup-Fellous C, Grangeot-Keros L, Ayoubi JM, Picone O. Fetal and neonatal abnormalities due to congenital rubella syndrome: a review of literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30:274–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lambert N, Strebel P, Orenstein W, Icenogle J, Poland GA. Rubella. Lancet. 2015;385:2297–307.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Cherry J, Baker A. Rubella virus. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, editors. Feigin and Cherry’s textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. p. 1601–22.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Arrieta AC. Congenital rubella. In: Edwards MS, Weisman LE, editors. UpToDate. Waltham: UpToDate (updated: Jun 16, 2021; literature review: 2022). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-rubella. Accessed 30 Dec 2022.

  28. Toizumi M, Motomura H, Vo HM, et al. Mortality associated with pulmonary hypertension in congenital rubella syndrome. Pediatrics. 2014;134:519–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Forrest JM, Menser MA, Reye RD. Obstructive arterial lesions in rubella. Lancet. 1969;1:1263–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ward PM, Honrubia V, Moore BS. Inner ear pathology in deafness due to maternal rubella. Arch Otolaryngol. 1968;87:22–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. da Silva LP, Queiros F, Lima I. Etiology of hearing impairment in children and adolescents of a reference center APADA in the city of Salvador, state of Bahia. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;72:33–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Rahman MM, Khan AM, Hafiz MM, et al. Congenital hearing impairment associated with rubella: lessons from Bangladesh. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002;33:811–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Paramita DV, Purnami N. Profile of congenital rubella syndrome in Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. Infect Dis Rep. 2020;12(Suppl 1):8718.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Zakzouk SM, al-Muhaimeed H. Prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss due to rubella in Saudi children. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1996;58:74–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Fang BX, Cen JT, Yuan T, et al. Etiology of newborn hearing impairment in Guangdong province: 10-year experience with screening, diagnosis, and follow-up. World J Pediatr. 2020;16:305–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Morzaria S, Westerberg BD, Kozak FK. Systematic review of the etiology of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004;68:1193–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Wild NJ, Sheppard S, Smithells RW, Holzel H, Jones G. Onset and severity of hearing loss due to congenital rubella infection. Arch Dis Child. 1989;64:1280–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Smith RJH, Gooi A. Hearing loss in children: etiology. In: Isaacson GC, editor. UpToDate. Waltham: UpToDate (updated: Mar 31, 2021; literature review: 2022). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hearing-loss-in-children-etiology. Accessed 30 Dec 2022.

  39. Armstrong NT. The ocular manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome. Insight. 1992;17:14–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dammeyer J. Congenital rubella syndrome and delayed manifestations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74:1067–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Forrest JM, Turnbull FM, Sholler GF, et al. Gregg’s congenital rubella patients 60 years later. Med J Aust. 2002;177:664–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sever JL, South MA, Shaver KA. Delayed manifestations of congenital rubella. Rev Infect Dis. 1985;7(Suppl 1):s164–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Preece MA, Kearney PJ, Marshall WC. Growth-hormone deficiency in congenital rubella. Lancet. 1977;2:842–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Boger WP 3rd, Petersen RA, Robb RM. Spontaneous absorption of the lens in the congenital rubella syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99:433–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Givens KT, Lee DA, Jones T, Ilstrup DM. Congenital rubella syndrome: ophthalmic manifestations and associated systemic disorders. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77:358–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Chess S. Follow-up report on autism in congenital rubella. J Autism Child Schizophr. 1977;7:69–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Chess S. Autism in children with congenital rubella. J Autism Child Schizophr. 1977;7:33–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Toizumi M, Nguyen GT, Motomura H, et al. Sensory defects and developmental delay among children with congenital rubella syndrome. Sci Rep. 2017;7:46483.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Bellini WJ, Icenogle JP. Measles and rubella viruses. In: Versalovic J, Carroll K, Funke G, et al., editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. 10th ed. Washington: ASM Press; 2011. p. 1372–87.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  50. American Academy of Pediatrics. Rubella. In: Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, editors. Red book: 2021–2024 report of the committee on infectious diseases. 32nd ed. Itasca: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. p. 648–55.

    Google Scholar 

  51. McLean HQ, Fiebelkorn AP, Temte JL, Wallace GS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles, mumps, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome and mumps, 2013: summary recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62(RR-4):1–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Marin M, Broder KR, Temte JL, Snider DE, Seward JF, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-3):1–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye

    Zeynep Gökçe Gayretli Aydın

  2. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye

    Ayşe Engin Arısoy

  3. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Gail J. Demmler-Harrison

  4. Infectious Disease Service, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Gail J. Demmler-Harrison

Authors
  1. Zeynep Gökçe Gayretli Aydın
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ayşe Engin Arısoy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gail J. Demmler-Harrison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zeynep Gökçe Gayretli Aydın .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Kocaeli, Medical Faculty, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye

    Ayşe Engin Arısoy

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Kocaeli, Medical Faculty, İzmit, Kocaeli, Türkiye

    Emin Sami Arısoy

  3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye

    Nuray Bayar Muluk

  4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye

    Cemal Cingi

  5. Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Armando G. Correa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gayretli Aydın, Z.G., Arısoy, A.E., Demmler-Harrison, G.J. (2023). Congenital Rubella Infection and Hearing Loss. In: Arısoy, A.E., Arısoy, E.S., Bayar Muluk, N., Cingi, C., Correa, A.G. (eds) Hearing Loss in Congenital, Neonatal and Childhood Infections. Comprehensive ENT. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38495-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38495-0_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-38494-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-38495-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation