Influence of Concentrated Slow-Acting Phosphate Fertilizers on the Growth Dynamics and Development of Plants and Cotton Yield

Abstract

Phosphorus deficiency affects already in the early stages of plant development, with a lack of phosphorus, their growth slows down sharply, the leaves change color (first from the edges, and then over the entire surface) to gray-green or red-violet, the number of fruit elements and their sizes decrease. It has been established that with a low level of phosphorus nutrition, the degree of absorption of nitrogen fertilizers also decreases, which can lead to a dangerous accumulation of excess amounts of nitrates in plants and soils. New concentrated phosphate fertilizers have a positive effect on the development of cotton plants, stimulating the growth of plant organs by 3–19% and increasing yield by 6.4–12.2%. Lysimetric experiments showed that ammaphos and concentrated phosphate fertilizers showed a positive effect on both phenological indicators and biometric characteristics of the development of cotton plants, stimulating the growth of plant organs. At the same time, the formation of vegetative and reproductive biomass is probably provided to a greater extent due to the use of nutrients by plants that are part of these fertilizers.