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The Greatest Healthcare Disparity: Addressing Inequities in the Treatment of Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery

Part of the book series: Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery ((NEUROSURGERY,volume 48))

Abstract

The antithesis between childhood cancer survival rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) represents one of healthcare’s most significant disparities. In HICs, the 5-year survival rate for children with cancer, including most brain tumors, exceeds 80%. Unfortunately, children in LMICs experience far worse outcomes with 5-year survival rates as low as 20%. To address inequities in the treatment of childhood cancer and disease burden globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. Within this initiative, pediatric low-grade glioma (LGG) represents a unique opportunity for the neurosurgical community to directly contribute to a paradigm shift in the survival outcomes of children in LMICs, as many of these tumors can be managed with surgical resection alone. In this chapter, we discuss the burden of pediatric LGG and outline actions the neurosurgical community might consider to improve survival for children with LGG in LMICs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Alexis N. Antonopoulos, DO (Arkansas Children’s Hospital), and Susanna Downing, MS (Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital), for their helpful comments and editing of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Jordan T. Roach

  2. College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Jordan T. Roach

  3. Division of Brain Tumor Research, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Jordan T. Roach & Jared M. Andrews

  4. Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Nathan A. Shlobin

  5. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines

    Ronnie E. Baticulon

  6. Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Lima, Peru

    Danny A. Campos

  7. Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Daniel C. Moreira, Ibrahim Qaddoumi & Frederick A. Boop

  8. Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Daniel C. Moreira & Ibrahim Qaddoumi

  9. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Frederick A. Boop

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  1. International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany

    Concezio Di Rocco

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 Funding: No sources of funding were received for this manuscript.

Conflicts of interest/competing interests: None of the authors have any financial conflicts of interests to disclose.

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Consent for publication: All authors have approved the final version of this manuscript.

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Delineation of Author Duties

Author contributions to the manuscript preparation include the following:

Conception and design: Jordan T. Roach and Frederick A. Boop.

Drafting the chapter: Jordan T. Roach.

Drafting figures for the chapter: Jordan T. Roach and Jared M. Andrews.

Critically revising the chapter: Nathan A. Shlobin, Jared M. Andrews, Ronnie E. Baticulon, Danny A. Campos, Daniel C. Moreira, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, and Frederick A. Boop.

Approved final version of the manuscript on behalf of all authors: Frederick A. Boop.

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Roach, J.T. et al. (2023). The Greatest Healthcare Disparity: Addressing Inequities in the Treatment of Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. In: Di Rocco, C. (eds) Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 48. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36785-4_1

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