Skip to main content

Why Five Stages of Solar Activity, Why Five Stages of Grief, Why Seven Plus Minus Two: A General Geometric Explanation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Uncertainty, Constraints, and Decision Making

Part of the book series: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control ((SSDC,volume 484))

  • 138 Accesses

Abstract

A recent paper showed that the solar activity cycle has five clear stages, and that taking theses stages into account helps to make accurate predictions of future solar activity. Similar 5-stage models have been effective in many other application area, e.g., in psychology, where a 5-stage model provides an effective description of grief. In this paper, we provide a general geometric explanations of why 5-stage models are often effective. This result also explains other empirical facts, e.g., the seven plus minus two law in psychology and the fact that only five space-time dimensions have found direct physical meaning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. G. Datseris, A. Wagemakers, Effortless estimation of basins of attraction. Chaos 32 (2022) (Paper 023104)

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Feynman, R. Leighton, M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (Addison Wesley, Boston, Massachusetts, 2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Kaluza, Sitzungsberichte der K. Prussischen Akademie der Wiseenschaften zu Berlin (1921), p. 966 (in German); English translation “On the unification problem in physics” in [7], pp. 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  4. O. Klein, Zeitschrift für Physik, vol. 37 (1926), p. 895 (in German); English translation “Quantum theory and five-dimensional relativity” in [7], pp. 10–23

    Google Scholar 

  5. E. Kübler-Ross, On Death and Dying: What the Dying Have to Teach Doctors, Nurses, Clergy and Their Own Families (Scribner, New York, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  6. R.J. Leamon, S.W. McIntosh, A.M. Title, Deciphering solar magnetic activity: the solar cycle clock. Front. Astron. Space Sci. 19 (2022) (Paper 886670)

    Google Scholar 

  7. H.C. Lee (ed.), An Introduction to Kaluza-Klein Theories (World Scientific, Singapore, 1984)

    Google Scholar 

  8. W.F. Lucas, The proof that a game may not have a solution. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 136, 219–229 (1969)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. G.A. Miller, The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychol. Rev. 63(2), 81–97 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S.K. Reed, Cognition: Theories and Application (SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, 2022)

    Google Scholar 

  11. D.J. Smith, M.K. Vamanamurthy, How small is a unit ball? Math. Mag. 62(2), 101–107 (1989)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. S.A. Starks, O. Kosheleva, V. Kreinovich, Kaluza-Klein 5D ideas dade ully gefometric. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 45(3), 589–601 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. K.S. Thorne, R.D. Blandford, Modern Classical Physics: Optics, Fluids, Plasmas, Elasticity, Relativity, and Statistical Physics (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2017)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation grants 1623190 (A Model of Change for Preparing a New Generation for Professional Practice in Computer Science), and HRD-1834620 and HRD-2034030 (CAHSI Includes), and by the AT&T Fellowship in Information Technology.

It was also supported by the program of the development of the Scientific-Educational Mathematical Center of Volga Federal District No. 075-02-2020-1478, and by a grant from the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NRDI).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vladik Kreinovich .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Svítek, M., Kosheleva, O., Kreinovich, V. (2023). Why Five Stages of Solar Activity, Why Five Stages of Grief, Why Seven Plus Minus Two: A General Geometric Explanation. In: Ceberio, M., Kreinovich, V. (eds) Uncertainty, Constraints, and Decision Making. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 484. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36394-8_47

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics