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Composition and Functional Properties of Cardamom Leaves

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Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum): Production, Processing and Properties

Abstract

Elettaria cardamomum is a herbaceous perennial monocot, a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Cardamom leaf is lanceolate in shape with taper lamina ends into sharp tips ranging from 25 to 90 cm in length and 5 to 15 cm in width. Ethanol extract of cardamom showed the presence of medicinally valuable metabolites of different phytochemical classes such as alkaloids, saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids, and tannins. Furthermore, GC/MS analysis of different extracts showed several major volatile compounds such as 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, camphene, β-pinene, α-fenchene, p-cymene, camphor, and α-pinene with relative percentages up to 40.8, 32.99, 18.09, 15.8, 10.7, 10.17, 10.02 and 5.59, respectively. Moreover, cardamom leaves contain carbohydrates, proteins, and fixed oil as major nutrients and minor nutrients such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and vitamin E. Essential oil of cardamom leaves showed activity against Sarcoptes scabiei mites comparable to Permethrin®. Cardamom leaves extracts showed many biological potentials as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiaging, antidiabetic, and hypocholesterolemic activities.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

CD:

Carbon dots

DPPH:

2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

GC-MS:

Gas Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

TEAC:

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt

    Reham Hassan Mekky

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mostafa M. Hegazy, Wael M. Afifi, Ahmad E. Mostafa, Hatem S. Abbass & Muhamad Abd-Elraouf

  3. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Wael M. Afifi & Hatem S. Abbass

Authors
  1. Reham Hassan Mekky
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  2. Mostafa M. Hegazy
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  3. Wael M. Afifi
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  4. Ahmad E. Mostafa
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  5. Hatem S. Abbass
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  6. Muhamad Abd-Elraouf
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Reham Hassan Mekky .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan

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Mekky, R.H., Hegazy, M.M., Afifi, W.M., Mostafa, A.E., Abbass, H.S., Abd-Elraouf, M. (2023). Composition and Functional Properties of Cardamom Leaves. In: Ramadan, M.F. (eds) Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum): Production, Processing and Properties. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35426-7_12

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