Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a disease characterized by breathing pauses during sleep, causing intermittent phenomena of hypoxia, which are repeated over time [1]. As resumed in previous chapters, OSA could be due to recurrent/partial or complete obstructions (hypopnea/apnea) of the upper airway during sleep [2], which takes the name of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or due to recurrent abnormal breathing pauses of central origin, without the evidence of upper respiratory obstruction, defined “Central Sleep Apnea” (CSA) [3]. Understanding the genesis of these disorders is essential to make up a complete overview, at least for what concerns fragile subjects, such as elderly patients.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(17):1230–5.
Berg S. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: current status. Clin Respir J. 2008;2(4):197–201.
Bonsignore MR, Randerath W, Schiza S, et al. European Respiratory Society statement on sleep apnoea, sleepiness and driving risk. Eur Respir J. 2021;57(2):2001272.
The report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task force. Sleep. 1999;22:667–89.
North BJ, Sinclair DA. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2012;110(8):1097–108.
Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Dalton DS, et al. Prevalence of sleep problems and quality of life in an older population. Sleep. 2002;25:48–52.
Hass D, Foster G, Nieto J, et al. Age-dependent associations between sleep disordered breathing and hypertension. Circulation. 2005;111:614–21.
Hader C, Schroeder A, Hinz M, et al. Sleep disordered breathing in the elderly: comparison of women and men. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005;56:85–91.
Gabbay IE, Lavie P. Age- and gender-related characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2012;16(2):453–60.
Kollias I, Krogstad O. Adult craniocervical and pharyngeal changes—a longitudinal cephalometric study between 22 and 42 years of age. Part I: morphological craniocervical and hyoid bone changes. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21(4):333–44.
Lévy P, Kohler M, McNicholas WT, et al. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15,015.
Panaszek B, Machaj Z, Bogacka E, Lindner K. Chronic disease in the elderly: a vital rationale for the revival of internal medicine. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2009;119(4):248–54.
Wang S, Niu X, Zhang P, et al. Analysis of OSAS incidence and influential factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension. Minerva Med. 2019;110(2):115–20.
Unal Y, Ozturk DA, Tosun K, et al. Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and waist-to-height ratio. Sleep Breath. 2019;23(2):523–9.
Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71–82.
Marin M, Gascon JM, Carrizo S, GispertInt J. Prevalence of sleep apnoea syndrome in the Spanish adult population. Epidemiology. 1997;26(2):381–6.
Dewan NA, Nieto FJ, Somers VK. Intermittent hypoxemia and OSA: implications for comorbidities. Chest. 2015;147(1):266–74.
Ge X, Han F, Huang Y, et al. Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality? PLoS One. 2013;8:e69432.
Marrone O, Lo Bue A, Salvaggio A, et al. Comorbidities and survival in obstructive sleep apnoea beyond the age of 50. Eur J Clin Investig. 2013;43:27–33.
Dodds S, Williams LJ, Roguski A, et al. Mortality and morbidity in obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome: results from a 30-year prospective cohort study. ERJ Open Res. 2020;6(3):00057-202.
Emamian F, Khazaie H, Tahmasian M, et al. The association between obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis perspective. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:78.
Cohen-Zion M, Stepnowsky C, Marler T, et al. Changes in cognitive function associated with sleep disordered breathing in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(12):1622–7.
Andrade AG, Bubu OM, Varga AW, Osorio RS. The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease. 2018;64(s1):S255-S270. J Alzheimers Dis.
Wahner-Roedler DL, Olson EJ, Narayanan S, et al. Gender-specific differences in a patient population with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome. Gend Med. 2007;4(4):329–38.
Chung S. Effects of age on the clinical features of men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Respiration. 2009;78:23.
Iannella G, Magliulo G, Lo Iacono CAM. Positional obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in elderly patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):1120.
Labarca G, Saavedra D, Dreyse J, Jorquera J, Barbe F. Efficacy of CPAP for improvements in sleepiness, cognition, mood, and quality of life in elderly patients with OSA: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chest. 2020;158(2):751–64. Epub 2020 Apr 11.
Wang G, Goebel JR, Li C, et al. Therapeutic effects of CPAP on cognitive impairments associated with OSA. J Neurol. 2020;267(10):2823–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Emanuela, F., Maria, P.F., Stefano, D.G. (2023). Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Elderly. In: Baptista, P.M., Lugo Saldaña, R., Amado, S. (eds) Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35225-6_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35225-6_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-35224-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-35225-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)