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Seasonal and Inter-annual Variations in Primary Productivity Proxies (POC and Chlorophyll-a): A Study from Kalpakkam Coast, Bay of Bengal

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Dynamics of Planktonic Primary Productivity in the Indian Ocean

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Abstract

An investigation was carried out in the Kalpakkam coastal waters, Tamilnadu, south-western Bay of Bengal mainly to find out the phytoplankton productivity and primary productivity potential of the coastal waters and its variations in terms of proxies such as chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and particulate organic carbon (POC). A long-term comparison of hydrobiological properties of the coastal waters was carried out for two data sets collected during 2006–2009 and 2019–2022. Most of the N:P values in the present study remained below 16, indicating the nitrogen limitation at this location. The ratio further decreased in recent times compared to the values a decade earlier. Chl-a concentrations recorded (range 0.60–4.98 mg m−3) in the present study showed the following order of abundance: pre-monsoon > post-monsoon > monsoon. The two-way ANOVA clearly showed that the chl-a variations were significant with respect to seasons as well as different study periods. Concentrations of POC ranged from 92 to 275 mg m−3 during 2006–2009 and 108 to 229 mg m−3 during 2019–2022. Relatively high POC content was observed during pre-monsoon season, and low values were recorded during monsoon seasons, which followed the trend of chl-a. Its strong positive correlation with salinity and chl-a indicated that POC concentrations were mainly regulated by the phytoplankton production during the high saline months. A marginal decrease in the POC content of coastal waters at this location has been noticed in recent times as compared to the values obtained a decade earlier. Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) with cluster overlay indicated that the two sampling periods, that is, 2006–2009 and 2019–2022 remained separated from each other with respect to the seasonal distribution of primary production. The biota-environment (BIOENV) analysis (with combinations of ten variables) indicated that a set of parameters such as pH, salinity, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate is associated with the chl-a and POC. Salinity and/or nitrate were the key parameters influencing the primary productivity, as these variables were present in every combination of BEST (Bio-Env-Stepwise) results.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the encouragement and support received from Director, SQRMG, and Director, IGCAR, to carry out the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India

    A. K. Mohanty, Gouri Sahu, M. K. Samantara & V. Subramanian

  2. National Center for Coastal Research, Chennai, India

    R. S. Sathishkumar

  3. Centre for Environmental Nuclear Research, SRMIST, Chennai, India

    K. D. Arunachalam

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  1. A. K. Mohanty
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  2. Gouri Sahu
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  3. R. S. Sathishkumar
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  4. M. K. Samantara
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  5. K. D. Arunachalam
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  6. V. Subramanian
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Correspondence to A. K. Mohanty .

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  1. Ocean Sciences Group, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Goa, India

    Sarat Chandra Tripathy

  2. Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

    Arvind Singh

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Mohanty, A.K., Sahu, G., Sathishkumar, R.S., Samantara, M.K., Arunachalam, K.D., Subramanian, V. (2023). Seasonal and Inter-annual Variations in Primary Productivity Proxies (POC and Chlorophyll-a): A Study from Kalpakkam Coast, Bay of Bengal. In: Tripathy, S.C., Singh, A. (eds) Dynamics of Planktonic Primary Productivity in the Indian Ocean. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34467-1_3

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