Skip to main content

BotDroid: Permission-Based Android Botnet Detection Using Neural Networks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Engineering Applications of Neural Networks (EANN 2023)

Abstract

Android devices can now offer a wide range of services. They support a variety of applications, including those for banking, business, health, and entertainment. The popularity and functionality of Android devices, along with the open-source nature of the Android operating system, have made them a prime target for attackers. One of the most dangerous malwares is an Android botnet, which an attacker known as a botmaster can remotely control to launch destructive attacks. This paper investigates Android botnets by using static analysis to extract features from reverse-engineered applications. Furthermore, this article delivers a new dataset of Android apps, including botnet or benign, and an optimized multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) for detecting botnets infected by malware based on the permissions of the apps. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology is both practical and effective while outperforming other standard classifiers in various evaluation metrics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Alqatawna, J.F., Ala’M, A. Z., Hassonah, M. A., & Faris, H.: Android botnet detection using machine learning models based on a comprehensive static analysis approach. Journal of Information Security and Applications 58, 102735 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alothman, B., Rattadilok, P.: Android botnet detection: An integrated source code mining approach. In: 2017 12th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), (pp. 111–115) (2017, December). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hosseini, S., Nezhad, A.E., Seilani, H.: Botnet detection using negative selection algorithm, convolution neural network and classification methods. Evol. Syst. 13, 1–15 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12530-020-09362-1

  4. Yusof, M., Saudi, M. M., Ridzuan, F.: Mobile botnet classification by using hybrid analysis. In: International Journal of Engineering and Technology (UAE) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Balasunthar, S., Abdullah, Z.: Comparison of Convolutional Neural Network and Artificial Neural Network for Android Botnet Attack Detection. Applied Information Technology And Computer Science 3(2), 32–49 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kothari, S., Joshi, S.: Analysis of Android Applications to Detect Botnet Attacks. In: 2020 International Conference on Smart Innovations in Design, Environment, Management, Planning and Computing (ICSIDEMPC) (pp. 144–150) (2020, October). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  7. Yusof, M., Saudi, M.M., Ridzuan, F.: A new mobile botnet classification based on permission and API calls. In: 2017 Seventh International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies (EST) (pp. 122–127) (2017, September). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  8. Anwar, S., Zain, J.M., Inayat, Z., Haq, R. U., Karim, A., Jabir, A.N.: A static approach towards mobile botnet detection. In: 2016 3rd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED), (pp. 563–567) (2016, August). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hojjatinia, S., Hamzenejadi, S., Mohseni, H.: Android botnet detection using convolutional neural networks. In: 2020 28th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), (pp. 1–6) (2020, August). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  10. Yerima, S.Y., Bashar, A.: A novel Android botnet detection system using image-based and manifest file features. Electronics 11(3), 486 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yerima, S.Y., Bashar, A.: Bot-IMG: A framework for image-based detection of Android botnets using machine learning. In: 2021 IEEE/ACS 18th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), (pp. 1–7), (2021, November). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  12. Yusof, M., Saudi, M.M., Ridzuan, F.: Android Botnet Detection Using Risk Assessment

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yerima, S.Y., Alzaylaee, M.K., Shajan, A.: Deep learning techniques for android botnet detection. Electronics 10(4), 519 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Pieterse, H., Olivier, M.S.: Android botnets on the rise: Trends and characteristics. In: 2012 information security for South Africa (pp. 1–5) (2012, August).. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  15. Tansettanakorn, C., Thongprasit, S., Thamkongka, S., & Visoottiviseth, V. (2016, May). ABIS: a prototype of android botnet identification system. In: 2016 Fifth ICT International Student Project Conference (ICT-ISPC), (pp. 1–5). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  16. Moodi, M., Ghazvini, M., Moodi, H.: A hybrid intelligent approach to detect android botnet using smart self-adaptive learning-based PSO-SVM. Knowl.-Based Syst. 222, 106988 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  17. da Costa, V.G., Barbon, S., Miani, R.S., Rodrigues, J.J., Zarpelão, B.B.: Detecting mobile botnets through machine learning and system calls analysis. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (pp. 1–6) (2017, May). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  18. Girei, D.A., Shah, M.A., Shahid, M.B.: An enhanced botnet detection technique for mobile devices using log analysis. In: 2016 22nd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC) (pp. 450–455) (2016, September). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rasheed, M.M., Faieq, A.K., Hashim, A.A.: Android Botnet Detection Using Machine Learning. Ingénierie des Systèmes d Inf. 25(1), 127–130 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jadhav, S., Dutia, S., Calangutkar, K., Oh, T., Kim, Y. H., & Kim, J. N. (2015, July). Cloud-based android botnet malware detection system. In: 2015 17th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), (pp. 347–352). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  21. Seraj, S., Khodambashi, S., Pavlidis, M., Polatidis, N.: HamDroid: permission-based harmful android anti-malware detection using neural networks. Neural Comput. Appl. 34, 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06755-4

  22. Oh, T., Jadhav, S., Kim, Y.H.: Android botnet categorization and family detection based on behavioural and signature data. In: 2015 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC) (pp. 647–652) (2015, October). IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  23. Abdul Kadir, A.F., Stakhanova, N., &Ghorbani, A.A.: Android botnets: What urls are telling us. In: International Conference on Network and System Security (pp. 78–91), (2015, November). Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  24. Arp, D., Spreitzenbarth, M., Hubner, M., Gascon, H., Rieck, K., Siemens, C.E.R.T.: Drebin: Effective and explainable detection of android malware in your pocket. In: Ndss (Vol. 14, pp. 23–26), (2014, February).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Baruah, S. : Botnet detection: analysis of various techniques. In: International Journal of Computational Intelligence & IoT 2(2)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Yerima, S.Y., To, Y.: A deep learning-enhanced botnet detection system based on Android manifest text mining

    Google Scholar 

  27. VirusTotal. Free online virus, malware and URL scanner https://www.virustotal.com/

  28. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/saeedseraj/botdroid-android-botnet-detection/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nikolaos Polatidis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Seraj, S., Pimenidis, E., Pavlidis, M., Kapetanakis, S., Trovati, M., Polatidis, N. (2023). BotDroid: Permission-Based Android Botnet Detection Using Neural Networks. In: Iliadis, L., Maglogiannis, I., Alonso, S., Jayne, C., Pimenidis, E. (eds) Engineering Applications of Neural Networks. EANN 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1826. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34204-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34204-2_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-34203-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-34204-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics