Skip to main content

Ethnic Identity Achievement, Identity Verification, Group-Specific Self-Worth, and Intergroup Attitudes Among Latinos

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advancing Identity Theory, Measurement, and Research

Part of the book series: Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research ((FSSR,volume 10))

  • 244 Accesses

Abstract

Using a sample of Latino college students, I examine how ethnic identity achievement (i.e., a stable and secure understanding of one’s ethnic group derived from an exploration of the meanings of one’s ethnic identity), ethnic identity verification, and group-specific self-worth conjointly influence four group attitudes: ingroup attitudes and three outgroup attitudes (attitudes towards Whites, Asians, and African Americans). The results indicate that an achieved ethnic identity is associated with lower levels of negative attitudes toward one’s ingroup and the three outgroups. Specifically, ethnic identity achievement was directly associated with lower negative ingroup and outgroup attitudes. In addition, ethnic identity achievement and identity verification both enhanced group-specific self-worth, which was associated with lower negative ingroup and outgroup attitudes. This study extends the literature on intergroup attitudes by highlighting the importance of how ethnic identity is conceptualized and measured, as well as the roles played by identity verification and group-specific self-worth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This definition of commitment differs somewhat from how the concept is traditionally used within identity theory, where it entails the qualitative and quantitative network ties one has in an identity.

  2. 2.

    Theoretically, these indicators are being included in the analyses for the same reason—they are socioeconomic resources that help people obtain identity verification. So, they were combined into a single measure to help ensure theoretical and statistical precision.

References

  • Ashmore, R. D., Deaux, K., & McLaughlin-Volpe, T. (2004). An organizing framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality. Psychological Bulletin, 130(1), 80–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2004). From bi-racial to tri-racial: Towards a new system of racial stratification in the USA. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27(6), 931–950.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2021). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branscombe, N. R., Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1999). The context and content of social identity threat. In N. Ellemers (Ed.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 35–58). Blackwell Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 307–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love and outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55(3), 429–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., & Harrod, M. (2021). Ethnic identity measurement and verification. In P. Brenner, J. Stets, & R. Serpe (Eds.), Identities in action: Developments in identity theory (pp. 11–37). Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., Stets, J. E., & Cerven, C. (2007). Gender, legitimation, and identity verification in groups. Social Psychology Quarterly, 70(1), 27–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., & Harrod, M. M. (2005). Too much of a good thing? Social Psychology Quarterly, 68(4), 359–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., & Stets, J. E. (1999). Trust and commitment through self-verification. Social Psychology Quarterly, 62(4), 347–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., & Stets, J. E. (2022). Identity theory: Revised and expanded (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, J. E. (2004). A three-factor model of social identity. Self and Identity, 3(3), 239–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cast, A. D., & Burke, P. J. (2002). A theory of self-esteem. Social Forces, 80(3), 1041–1068.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costigan, C. L., Koryzma, C. M., Hua, J. M., & Chance, L. J. (2010). Ethnic identity, achievement, and psychological adjustment: Examining risk and resilience among youth from immigrant Chinese families in Canada. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 264–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, F. L., Hoffman, A. J., Constante, K., & Rivas-Drake, D. (2018). Ethnic–racial identity content and the development of depressive symptoms among Latino adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 30(5), 1557–1569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, W. E. (1991). Shades of black: Diversity in African-American identity. Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellemers, N., & Haslam, A. (2011). Social identity theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 379–398). Sage Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ervin, L. H., & Stryker, S. (2001). Theorizing the relationship between self-esteem and identity. In T. J. Owens & S. Stryker (Eds.), Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 29–55). Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • French, S. E., & Chavez, N. R. (2010). The relationship of ethnicity-related stressors and Latino ethnic identity to well-being. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 32(3), 410–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genter, S. (2022). Collective racial resentment and emotion: Toward an understanding of Whites’ reactions to demands for racial equity. Sociology Compass, 16(10), e13026.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghavami, N., Fingerhut, A., Peplau, L. A., Grant, S. K., & Wittig, M. A. (2011). Testing a model of minority identity achievement, identity affirmation, and psychological well-being among ethnic minority and sexual minority individuals. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(1), 79–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grindal, M., Kushida, M., & Nieri, T. (2021). Ethnic identity achievement, identity verification, and self-worth. In P. Brenner, J. Stets, & R. Serpe (Eds.), Identities in action: Developments in identity theory (pp. 39–60). Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hoelter, J. W. (1986). The relationship between specific and global evaluations of self: A comparison of several models. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49(2), 129–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 747–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J. W. (2002a). The relationship between group identity and intergroup prejudice is moderated by sociostructural variation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(5), 908–933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J. W. (2002b). Intergroup attitudes as a function of different dimensions of group identification and perceived intergroup conflict. Self and Identity, 1(1), 11–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jardina, A. (2019). White identity politics. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. K., & Marini, M. M. (1998). Bridging the racial divide in the United States: The effect of gender. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(3), 247–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leach, C. W., Van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L., Sjoerd, P. F., Doosje, B., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcia, J. E. (1980). Identity in adolescence. In J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (pp. 159–187). Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S. (1989). Stages of ethnic identity development in minority group adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 9(1–2), 34–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 499–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(2), 156–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S. (1993). A three-stage model of ethnic identity development. In M. Bernal & G. Knight (Eds.), Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among Hispanics and other minorities (pp. 61–79). State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S., & Alipuria, L. L. (1990). Ethnic identity in college students from four ethnic groups. Journal of Adolescence, 13(2), 171–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S., & Chavira, V. (1992). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: An exploratory longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence, 15(3), 271–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S., Ferguson, D. L., & Tate, J. D. (1997). Intergroup attitudes among ethnic minority adolescents: A causal model. Child Development, 68(5), 955–969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(3), 271–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, J. S., Jacoby, B., & Silva, C. (2007). Positive intergroup attitudes: The role of ethnic identity. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31(5), 478–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintana, S. M. (1994). A model of ethnic perspective-taking ability applied to Mexican-American children and youth. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(4), 419–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintana, S. M. (2007). Racial and ethnic identity: Developmental perspectives and research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(3), 259–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintana, S. M., Castaneda-English, P., & Ybarra, V. C. (1999). Role of perspective-taking abilities and ethnic socialization in development of adolescent ethnic identity. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9(2), 161–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. E., Phinney, J. S., Masse, L. C., Chen, Y. R., Roberts, C. R., & Romero, A. (1999). The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(3), 301–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., Schoenbach, C., & Rosenberg, F. (1995). Global self-esteem and specific self-esteem: Different concepts, different outcomes. American Sociological Review, 60(1), 141–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, D. T., Chavez, G., Good, J. J., & Wilton, L. S. (2012). The language of acceptance: Spanish proficiency and perceived intragroup rejection among Latinos. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(6), 1019–1033.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silber Mohamed, H., & Farris, E. M. (2020). ‘Bad hombres’? An examination of identities in US media coverage of immigration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(1), 158–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, T. B., & Silva, L. (2011). Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(1), 42–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2014). Self-esteem and identities. Sociological Perspectives, 57(4), 409–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., & Cast, A. D. (2007). Resources and identity verification from an identity theory perspective. Sociological Perspectives, 50(4), 517–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., & Fares, P. (2019). The effects of race/ethnicity and racial/ethnic identification on general trust. Social Science Research, 80(May), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., Savage, S. V., Burke, P. J., & Fares, P. (2020). Cognitive and behavioral responses to the identity verification process. In R. Stryker, R. T. Serpe, & B. Powell (Eds.), Identity and symbolic interaction: Deepening foundation and building bridges (pp. 65–88). Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., Aldecoa, J., Bloom, Q., & Winegar, J. (2021). Using identity theory to understand homophily in groups. In P. Brenner, J. Stets, & R. Serpe (Eds.), Identities in action: Developments in identity theory (pp. 285–302). Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. S. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 29–47). Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verkuyten, M., & Masson, K. (1995). ‘New racism,’ self-esteem, and ethnic relations among minority and majority youth in the Netherlands. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 23(2), 137–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthew Grindal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Grindal, M. (2023). Ethnic Identity Achievement, Identity Verification, Group-Specific Self-Worth, and Intergroup Attitudes Among Latinos. In: Stets, J.E., Reichelmann, A.V., Kiecolt, K.J. (eds) Advancing Identity Theory, Measurement, and Research. Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32986-9_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32986-9_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-32985-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-32986-9

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics