Abstract
Bibliometric analysis has become an extremely popular research method with the dramatic increase in scientific publications and other textual and numerical online data. Using bibliometric analysis in combination with qualitative content analysis, it is possible to discover important characteristics of scientific articles and to gain insights into the progress of other researchers’ work, scientific trends, most cited authors, the relationships between keywords recurring in publications, and other important parameters of scientific texts. Our study aims to explore the topic of virtual reality in education using bibliometric analysis of scientific publications with the aid of visualization tools and keyword co-occurrence analysis. The WoS and Scopus databases were chosen because of their popularity and wide use in bibliometric studies. Data from 2012 to 2022 were collected and analyzed using the search query “School” OR “University” as the topic AND “Virtual Reality” as author keywords, with a focus on journal articles and no restriction on the scientific field. A qualitative content analysis of the ten most cited articles was also done. We found that since 2016, there has been an intense growth of publications on this topic. Four main themes have emerged in research on virtual reality in education over the last decade: research on virtual reality technologies and innovative solutions for education, research on the impact of virtual reality on learners of different ages, research on the adaptation of learning materials to virtual reality, and research on learning with virtual reality. The results of the qualitative content analysis revealed the main topics of the most cited publications. The bibliometric analysis provides insights into the diversity of research on the chosen topic. These insights allow researchers and practitioners to understand virtual reality's landscape in education better and choose less explored areas when planning their new research. This study also demonstrates the combination of bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis methods.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cobo, M.J., López-Herrera, A.G., Herrera-Viedma, E., Herrera, F.: Science mapping software tools: review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. J. Am. Soc. Inform. Sci. Technol. 62(7), 1382–1402 (2011)
Kersten, T., Tschirschwitz, F., Deggim, S.: Development of a virtual museum including a 4D presentation of building history in virtual reality. In: TC II & CIPA 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, 1–3 March 2017, Nafplio, Greece, pp. 361–367. Copernicus (2017)
Ke, F., Lee, S., Xu, X.: Teaching training in a mixed-reality integrated learning environment. Comput. Hum. Behav. 62, 212–220 (2016)
Makransky, G., Andreasen, N.K., Baceviciute, S., Mayer, R.E.: Immersive virtual reality increases liking but not learning with a science simulation and generative learning strategies promote learning in immersive virtual reality. J. Educ. Psychol. 113(4), 719–735 (2021)
Makransky, G., Terkildsen, T.S., Mayer, R.E.: Adding immersive virtual reality to a science lab simulation causes more presence but less learning. Learn. Instr. 60, 225–236 (2019)
Lin, H.C.S., Yu, S.J., Sun, J.C.Y., Jong, M.S.Y.: Engaging university students in a library guide through wearable spherical video-based virtual reality: effects on situational interest and cognitive load. Interact. Learn. Environ. 29(8), 1272–1287 (2021)
Geng, J., Jong, M.S.Y., Luk, E., Jiang, Y.: Comparative study on the pedagogical use of interactive spherical video-based virtual reality: the EduVenture-VR experience. In: 2018 international symposium on educational technology (ISET), pp. 261–263. IEEE (2018)
Mystakidis, S., Cachafeiro, E., Hatzilygeroudis, I.: Enter the serious E-scape room: a cost-effective severe game model for deep and meaningful E-learning. In: 2019 10th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA), pp. 1–6. IEEE. (2019)
Mystakidis, S.: Distance education gamification in virtual social reality: a case study on student engagement. In: 2020 11th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications, IISA, pp. 1–6. IEEE (2020)
Lee, E.A.L., Wong, K.W.: Learning with desktop virtual reality: low spatial ability learners are more positively affected. Comput. Educ. 79, 49–58 (2014)
Makransky, G., Lilleholt, L.: A structural equation modeling investigation of the emotional value of immersive virtual reality in education. Educ. Tech. Research Dev. 66(5), 1141–1164 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9581-2
Markowitz, D.M., Laha, R., Perone, B.P., Pea, R.D., Bailenson, J.N.: Immersive virtual reality field trips facilitate learning about climate change. Front. Psychol. 9, 2364 (2018)
Viberg, O., Gronlund, Å.: Cross-cultural analysis of users’ attitudes toward the use of mobile devices in second and foreign language learning in higher education: a case from Sweden and China. Comput. Educ. 69, 169–180 (2013)
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., Lim, W.M.: How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: an overview and guidelines. J. Bus. Res. 133, 285–296 (2021)
Cheng, M., Edwards, D., Darcy, S., Redfern, K.: A tri-method approach to a review of adventure tourism literature: Bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and a quantitative systematic literature review. J. Hosp. Tour. Res. 42(6), 997–1020 (2018)
Van Eck, N.J., Waltman, L.: Text mining and visualization using VOSviewer. arXiv preprint arXiv:1109.2058 (2011)
Chambers, J. M. Software for data analysis: programming with R (Vol. 2). Springer, New York (2008)
Rojas-Sánchez, M.A., Palos-Sánchez, P.R., Folgado-Fernández, J.A.: Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis on virtual reality and education. Educ. Inf. Technol. 28, 1–38 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11167-5
Neuendorf, K.A.: The Content Analysis Guidebook. Sage, London (2017)
Potkonjak, V., et al.: Virtual laboratories for education in science, technology, and engineering: A review. Comput. Educ. 95, 309–327 (2016)
Moro, C., Štromberga, Z., Raikos, A., Stirling, A.: The effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality in health sciences and medical anatomy. Anat. Sci. Educ. 10(6), 549–559 (2017)
Chen, C.M., Tsai, Y.N.: Interactive augmented reality system for enhancing library instruction in elementary schools. Comput. Educ. 59(2), 638–652 (2012)
Wei, X., Weng, D., Liu, Y., Wang, Y.: Teaching based on augmented reality for a technical creative design course. Comput. Educ. 81, 221–234 (2015)
Rendon, A.A., Lohman, E.B., Thorpe, D., Johnson, E.G., Medina, E., Bradley, B.: The effect of virtual reality gaming on dynamic balance in older adults. Age Ageing 41(4), 549–552 (2012)
Freina, L., Ott, M.: A literature review on immersive virtual reality in education: state of the art and perspectives. In: The international Scientific Conference elearning and Software for Education, vol. 1, no. 133, pp. 10–1007 (2015)
Scholz, J., Smith, A.N.: Augmented reality: Designing immersive experiences that maximize consumer engagement. Bus. Horiz. 59(2), 149–161 (2016)
Moreno, R., Mayer, R.E.: Learning science in virtual reality multimedia environments: role of methods and media. J. Educ. Psychol. 94(3), 598–610 (2002)
Richards, D., Taylor, M.: Comparison of learning gains when using a 2D simulation tool versus a 3D virtual world: an experiment to find the right representation involving the Marginal Value Theorem. Comput. Educ. 86, 157–171 (2015)
Alhalabi, W.: Virtual reality systems enhance students’ achievements in engineering education. Behaviour & Information Technology 35(11), 919–925 (2016)
Passig, D., Tzuriel, D., Eshel-Kedmi, G.: Improving children’s cognitive modifiability by dynamic assessment in 3D Immersive Virtual Reality environments. Comput. Educ. 95, 296–308 (2016)
Noah, N., Das, S.: Exploring evolution of augmented and virtual reality education space in 2020 through systematic literature review. Comput. Anim. Virtual Worlds 32(3–4), 1–9 (2021)
Sherman, W.R., Craig, A.B.: Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco (2018)
Dalgarno, B., Lee, M.J.W.: What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? Br. J. Edu. Technol. 41(1), 10–32 (2010)
Hand, C.: Other faces of virtual reality. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kommers, P., Streitz, Norbert (eds.) MHVR 1996. LNCS, vol. 1077, pp. 107–116. Springer, Heidelberg (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61282-3_11
Jacobson, L.: Welcome to the virtual world. In: Swadley, R. (ed.) On the Cutting Edge of Technology, pp. 69–79. Sams, Carmel (1993)
Smutny, P., Babiuch, M., Foltynek, P.A.: Review of the virtual reality applications in education and training. In: Proceedings of the 2019 20th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC), pp. 1–4. IEEE, Krakow-Wieliczka (2019)
Billingsley, G., Smith, S., Smith, S., Meritt, J.: A systematic literature review of using immersive virtual reality technology in teacher education. J. Interact. Learn. Res. 30(1), 65–90 (2019)
Pellas, N., Dengel, A., Christopoulos, A.: A scoping review of immersive virtual reality in STEM education. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 13(4), 748–761 (2020)
Garzón, J.: An overview of twenty-five years of augmented reality in education. Multimodal Technol. Interact. 5(7), 1–14 (2021)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
The research was done equally by both authors. The contribution to article writing is as follows: JK contributed to the Abstract, Research Methodology, and Bibliometric analysis parts; FF contributed to the Abstract, Introduction, and Extended analysis of most cited articles. Both authors write conclusions.
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kasperiuniene, J., Faiella, F. (2023). Bibliometric Analysis of Virtual Reality in School and University Contexts. In: Costa, A.P., Moreira, A., Freitas, F., Costa, K., Bryda, G. (eds) Computer Supported Qualitative Research. WCQR 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 688. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31346-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31346-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-31345-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-31346-2
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)