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Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Environmental Applications

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Two-Dimensional Materials for Environmental Applications

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 332))

Abstract

The alarmingly rising environmental pollution adversely affects the sustainable growth of modern civilization. Scientists have persistently been putting tremendous efforts over the decades to develop environment benevolent technologies to overcome this major challenge. Photocatalysis is one such technology which needs renewable solar energy and abundantly available water resources as driving forces for pollutants’ degradation. In addition, the selection of an appropriate semiconductor is highly essential to degrade toxic organic compounds, hazardous heavy metals and noxious gases into harmless products efficiently. Among various semiconductor photocatalysts, g‑C3N4 (GCN) is considered a robust photocatalyst because of several fascinating properties like metal-free chemical nature, visible-light-responsive activity with moderate band gap of 2.7 eV, tunable electronic structure, facile synthesis, low cost, high thermal and chemical stability. However, low surface area (∼10 m2 g−1), high rate of charge carriers recombination, incomplete solar spectrum absorbance and inadequate valence band position (1.4 eV vs NHE) are some of the limitations due to which expected photocatalytic performance of GCN is yet to be achieved. Therefore, modification strategies such as exfoliating bulk GCN into nanosheets, incorporating foreign elements into its crystal structure and heterostructure formation have been employed to overcome these limitations to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency. In this chapter discusses the basic principle of photocatalytic pollutant degradation over a semiconductor surface. Recent developments in modification strategies to enhance the photoactivity of GCN have been summarised systematically. Photocatalytic applications of GCN-based photocatalysts with respect to environmental remediation are presented in this chapter. The challenges and future perspectives in designing GCN-based photocatalysts for efficient performance towards environmental applications are addressed along with the conclusion.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express sincere thanks to the management of S‘O’A (Deemed to be university), Bhubaneswar for encouraging to carry out the present work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, I.T.E.R., Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751030, Odisha, India

    Rashmi Acharya & Subhasish Mishra

  2. Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751030, Odisha, India

    Lopamudra Acharya & Kulamani Parida

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  1. Rashmi Acharya
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Correspondence to Rashmi Acharya .

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  1. Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa

    Neeraj Kumar

  2. Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa

    Rashi Gusain

  3. Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa

    Suprakas Sinha Ray

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Acharya, R., Mishra, S., Acharya, L., Parida, K. (2023). Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Environmental Applications. In: Kumar, N., Gusain, R., Sinha Ray, S. (eds) Two-Dimensional Materials for Environmental Applications. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 332. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28756-5_4

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