Abstract
Normal mucociliary clearance (MCC) is essential for the maintenance of an effective primary defence mechanism against inhaled respiratory pathogens, allergens and pollutants. Respiratory cilia and mucus are vital components of the mucociliary apparatus and various conditions, and diseases can affect proper function. Testing of the mucociliary clearance will also be addressed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Tarran R, Button B, Boucher RC. Regulation of normal and cystic fibrosis airway surface liquid volume by phasic shear stress. Annu Rev Physiol. 2006;68:543–61.
Wang DY, Li Y, Yan Y, Li C, Shi L. Upper airway stem cells: understanding the nose and role for future cell therapy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015;15(1):490.
Ma J, Rubin BK, Voynow JA. Mucins, mucus, and goblet cells. Chest. 2018;154(1):169–76.
Antunes MB, Cohen NA. Mucociliary clearance—a critical upper airway host defense mechanism and methods of assessment. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;7(1):5–10.
Sleigh MA. Adaptations of ciliary systems for the propulsion of water and mucus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol. 1989;94(2):359–64.
Rutland J, Cole PJ. Nasal mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency in cystic fibrosis compared with sinusitis and bronchiectasis. Thorax. 1981;36(9):654–8.
De Boeck K, Proesmans M, Mortelmans L, Van Billoen B, Willems T, Jorissen M. Mucociliary transport using 99mTc-albumin colloid: a reliable screening test for primary ciliary dyskinesia. Thorax. 2005;60(5):414–7.
Lucas JS, Burgess A, Mitchison HM, Moya E, Williamson M, Hogg C. Diagnosis and management of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99(9):850–6.
Rusznak C, Devalia JL, Lozewicz S, Davies RJ. The assessment of nasal mucociliary clearance and the effect of drugs. Respir Med. 1994;88(2):89–101.
Kamani T, Yilmaz T, Surucu S, Turan E, Brent KA. Scanning electron microscopy of ciliae and saccharine test for ciliary function in septal deviations. Laryngoscope. 2006;116(4):586–90.
Theegarten D, Ebsen M. Ultrastructural pathology of primary ciliary dyskinesia: report about 125 cases in Germany. Diagn Pathol. 2011;6:115.
Alanin MC, Aanaes K, Høiby N, Pressler T, Skov M, Nielsen KG, et al. Sinus surgery can improve quality of life, lung infections, and lung function in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2017;7(3):240–7.
Stevens EM, Vladar EK, Alanin MC, Christensen ST, von Buchwald C, Milla C. Ciliary localization of the intraflagellar transport protein IFT88 is disrupted in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2020;62(1):120–3.
Alanin MC, Aanaes K, Høiby N, Pressler T, Skov M, Nielsen KG, et al. Sinus surgery postpones chronic Gram-negative lung infection: cohort study of 106 patients with cystic fibrosis. Rhinology. 2016;54(3):206–13.
DiMango E, Overdevest J, Keating C, Francis SF, Dansky D, Gudis D. Effect of highly effective modulator treatment on sinonasal symptoms in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2020;20(3):460–3.
Baby MK, Muthu PK, Johnson P, Kannan S. Effect of cigarette smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance: a comparative analysis using saccharin test. Lung India. 2014;31(1):39–42.
Alanin MC, Hopkins C. Effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20(7):27.
Jiao J, Zhang L. Influence of intranasal drugs on human nasal mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(3):306–19.
Fowler J, Chin CJ, Massoud E. Rhinitis medicamentosa: a nationwide survey of Canadian otolaryngologists. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;48(1):70.
Persson EK, Verstraete K, Heyndrickx I, Gevaert E, Aegerter H, Percier JM, et al. Protein crystallization promotes type 2 immunity and is reversible by antibody treatment. Science. 2019;364:6442.
Keojampa BK, Nguyen MH, Ryan MW. Effects of buffered saline solution on nasal mucociliary clearance and nasal airway patency. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131(5):679–82.
Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Rhinology. 2020;58(Suppl S29):1–464.
Aanaes K, Alanin MC, Nielsen KG, Moller Jorgensen M, von Buchwald C, Hoiby N, et al. The accessibility of topical treatment in the paranasal sinuses on operated cystic fibrosis patients assessed by scintigraphy. Rhinology. 2018;56(3):268–73.
Acknowledgements
Medical drawings are reproduced with permission from Sannia Sjostedt, MD, PhD. Video materials are provided with permission from Professor Jann Mortensen, MD, DMSc.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Electronic Supplementary Material
502999_1_En_4_MOESM1_ESM.mp4
Normal ciliary beating using high-speed video microscopy (AVI 6092 kb)
Normal nasal mucociliary clearance visualized using technetium-99 scintigraphy (AVI 919 kb)
Immotile cilia in a patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia evaluated with high-speed video microscopy (AVI 693 kb)
Video 4.1
Normal ciliary beating using high-speed video microscopy (AVI 6092 kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alanin, M.C., von Buchwald, C. (2023). Physiology of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Mucociliary Clearance. In: Swift, A.C., Carrie, S., de Souza, C. (eds) Contemporary Rhinology: Science and Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28690-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28690-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-28689-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-28690-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)