Skip to main content

Index-Based Batch Query Processing Revisited

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Information Retrieval (ECIR 2023)

Abstract

Large scale web search engines provide sub-second response times to interactive user queries. However, not all search traffic arises interactively – cache updates, internal testing and prototyping, generation of training data, and web mining tasks all contribute to the workload of a typical search service. If these non-interactive query components are collected together and processed as a batch, the overall execution cost of query processing can be significantly reduced. In this reproducibility study, we revisit query batching in the context of large-scale conjunctive processing over inverted indexes, considering both on-disk and in-memory index arrangements. Our exploration first verifies the results reported in the reference work [Ding et al., WSDM 2011], and then provides novel approaches for batch processing which give rise to better time–space trade-offs than have been previously achieved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Albers, S.: New results on web caching with request reordering. In: Proceedings of SPAA, pp. 84–92 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bajaj, P., et al.: MS MARCO: a human generated MAchine Reading COmprehension dataset. arXiv:1611.09268v3 (2018)

  3. Belady, L.A.: A study of replacement algorithms for a virtual-storage computer. IBM Syst. J. 5(2), 78–101 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Benham, R., Mackenzie, J., Moffat, A., Culpepper, J.S.: Boosting search performance using query variations. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 37(4), 41.1–41.25 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Blandford, D., Blelloch, G.: Index compression through document reordering. In: Proceedings of DCC, pp. 342–352 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cambazoglu, B.B., et al.: A refreshing perspective of search engine caching. In: Proceedings of WWW, pp. 181–190 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Catena, M., Tonellotto, N.: Multiple query processing via logic function factoring. In: Proceedings of SIGIR, pp. 937–940 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chaudhuri, S., Church, K., König, A.C., Sui, L.: Heavy-tailed distributions and multi-keyword queries. In: Proceedings of SIGIR, pp. 663–670 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cheng, C., Chung, C., Shann, J.J.: Fast query evaluation through document identifier assignment for inverted file-based information retrieval systems. Inf. Proc. Man. 42(3), 729–750 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Choudhury, F.M., Culpepper, J.S., Bao, Z., Sellis, T.: Batch processing of top-\(k\) spatial-textual queries. ACM Trans. Spat. Alg. Syst. 3(4), 13.1–13.40 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chowdhury, G.: An agenda for green information retrieval research. Inf. Proc. Man. 48(6), 1067–1077 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Craswell, N., Campos, D., Mitra, B., Yilmaz, E., Billerbeck, B.: ORCAS: 20 million clicked query-document pairs for analyzing search. In: Proceedings of CIKM, pp. 2983–2989 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Craswell, N., Mitra, B., Yilmaz, E., Campos, D., Lin, J.: Overview of the TREC 2021 deep learning track. In: Proceedings of TREC (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Culpepper, J.S., Moffat, A.: Efficient set intersection for inverted indexing. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 29(1), 1.1–1.25 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Dhulipala, L., Kabiljo, I., Karrer, B., Ottaviano, G., Pupyrev, S., Shalita, A.: Compressing graphs and indexes with recursive graph bisection. In: Proceedings of KDD, pp. 1535–1544 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ding, S., Attenberg, J., Baeza-Yates, R., Suel, T.: Batch query processing for web search engines. In: Proceedings of WSDM, pp. 137–146 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fagni, T., Perego, R., Silvestri, F., Orlando, S.: Boosting the performance of web search engines: caching and prefetching query results by exploiting historical usage data. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 24(1), 51–78 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Feder, T., Motwani, R., Panigrahy, R., Zhu, A.: Web caching with request reordering. In: Proceedings of SODA, pp. 104–105 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hwang, S.-W., Kim, S., He, Y., Elnikety, S., Choi, S.: Prediction and predictability for search query acceleration. ACM Trans. Web 10(3), 19.1–19.28 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jonassen, S., Cambazoglu, B.B., Silvestri, F.: Prefetching query results and its impact on search engines. In: Proceedings of SIGIR, pp. 631–640 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lemire, D., Boytsov, L.: Decoding billions of integers per second through vectorization. Soft. Prac. Exp. 41(1), 1–29 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lempel, R., Moran, S.: Predictive caching and prefetching of query results in search engines. In: Proceedings of WWW, pp. 19–28 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lin, J., et al.: Supporting interoperability between open-source search engines with the common index file format. In: Proceedings of SIGIR, pp. 2149–2152 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ma, H., Wang, B.: User-aware caching and prefetching query results in web search engines. In: Proceedings of SIGIR, pp. 1163–1164 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ma, X., Pradeep, R., Nogueira, R., Lin, J.: Document expansions and learned sparse lexical representations for MSMARCO V1 and V2. In: Proceedings of SIGIR, pp. 3187–3197 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Mackenzie, J., Mallia, A., Petri, M., Culpepper, J.S., Suel, T.: Compressing inverted indexes with recursive graph bisection: a reproducibility study. In: Azzopardi, L., Stein, B., Fuhr, N., Mayr, P., Hauff, C., Hiemstra, D. (eds.) ECIR 2019. LNCS, vol. 11437, pp. 339–352. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15712-8_22

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Mackenzie, J., Petri, M., Moffat, A.: Tradeoff options for bipartite graph partitioning. IEEE Trans. Know. Data Eng. (2022, to appear)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mallia, A., Siedlaczek, M., Mackenzie, J., Suel, T.: PISA: performant indexes and search for academia. In: Proceedings of OSIRRC at SIGIR 2019, pp. 50–56 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Marín, M., Navarro, G.: Distributed query processing using suffix arrays. In: Proceedings of SPIRE, pp. 311–325 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Petersen, C., Simonsen, J.G., Lioma, C.: Power law distributions in information retrieval. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 34(2), 8.1–8.37 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Scells, H., Zhuang, S., Zuccon, G.: Reduce, reuse, recycle: green information retrieval research. In: Proceedings of SIGIR, pp. 2825–2837 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sellis, T.K.: Multiple-query optimization. ACM Trans. Data. Syst. 13(1), 23–52 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Strubell, E., Ganesh, A., McCallum, A.: Energy and policy considerations for deep learning in NLP. In: Proceedings of ACL, pp. 3645–3650 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tolosa, G., Becchetti, L., Feuerstein, E., Marchetti-Spaccamela, A.: Performance improvements for search systems using an integrated cache of lists + intersections. Inf. Retr. 20(3), 172–198 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Tonellotto, N., Macdonald, C., Ounis, I.: Efficient query processing for scalable web search. Found. Trnd. Inf. Retr. 12(4–5), 319–500 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Yang, P., Fang, H., Lin, J.: Anserini: reproducible ranking baselines using Lucene. J. Data Inf. Qual. 10(4), 1–20 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects Scheme (project DP200103136) and a University of Queensland New Staff Research Grant.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joel Mackenzie .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Mackenzie, J., Moffat, A. (2023). Index-Based Batch Query Processing Revisited. In: Kamps, J., et al. Advances in Information Retrieval. ECIR 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13982. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28241-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28241-6_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-28240-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-28241-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics