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Classification of Jaw Malformations (Dysgnathias) in Craniofacially Malformed Patients

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Fundamentals of Craniofacial Malformations

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Abstract

Malocclusions, based on alterations in skull, jaw, or teeth morphology, affect individuals worldwide, resulting in compromised function and esthetics. Dental or skeletal malocclusion is caused by a distortion of the proper skull base and/or the mandibular and/or maxillary complex. Dysgnathic situations are very common; they can appear as birth defects or during growth in all racial populations. Classification systems of jaw malformations are in use by different persons or groups (clinicians, researchers, healthcare providers) to clarify and define clinical situations, help to standardize clinical treatments, and compare treatment outcomes. However, in patients with pronounced craniofacial abnormalities like craniosynostosis, branchial arch diseases, or orofacial clefts, standard dysgnathia analyses, recently used in diagnostics, are not suitable. As the disease-based altered anatomy has simultaneously a sagittal, vertical, or transversal aspect, 3D analysis is a necessity. Advances in craniofacial, jaw, and dental phenotyping by modern diagnostic approaches (CBCT, digital dental scan technology, and digital facial surface detection) together with modern matching algorithms can lead to a comprehensive characterization of hard and soft tissue variation in the craniofacial complex. It, together with a precise nomenclature of the malformation typing, allows a more precise classification of such patients. We propose a modified version of malocclusion (dysgnathia) classification for clinical and research purposes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Jaw-, Face- and Skull Surgery, Münster, Germany

    Ulrich Meyer

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Correspondence to Ulrich Meyer .

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  1. Center for Jaw-, Face- and Skull Surgery, Münster, Germany

    Ulrich Meyer

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Meyer, U. (2023). Classification of Jaw Malformations (Dysgnathias) in Craniofacially Malformed Patients. In: Meyer, U. (eds) Fundamentals of Craniofacial Malformations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28069-6_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28069-6_11

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