Skip to main content

Convolutional Neural Networks for Face Detection and Face Mask Multiclass Classification

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 2022)

Abstract

In recent years, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been a large number of infections among humans, causing the virus to spread around the world. According to recent studies, the use of masks has helped to prevent the spread of the virus, so it is very important to use them correctly. Using masks in public places has become a common practice these days and if it is not used correctly the virus will continue to be transmitted. The contribution of this work is the development of a convolutional neural network model to detect and classify the correct use of face masks. Deep learning methods are the most effective method to detect whether a person is using a mask properly. The proposed model was trained using the MaskedFace-Net dataset and evaluated with different images of it. The Caffe model is used for face detection, after which the image is preprocessed to extract features. These images are the input of the new convolutional neural network model, where it is classified among incorrect mask, non-mask, and mask. The proposed model achieves an accuracy rate of 99.69% in the test percentage, which is higher compared to other authors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pedersen, S.F., Ho, Y.-C.: SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging. J. Clin. Investig. 130(5), 2202–2205 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. World Health Organization, WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, World Health Organization. https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed 25 Feb 2022

  3. Erratum, MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 70, no. 6, p. 293 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Singh, S., Ahuja, U., Kumar, M., Kumar, K., Sachdeva, M.: Face mask detection using YOLOv3 and faster R-CNN models: COVID-19 environment. Multimed. Tools Appl. 80(13), 19753–19768 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10711-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yu, J., Zhang, W.: Face mask wearing detection algorithm based on improved YOLO-v4. Sensors 21(9), 3263 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jiang, X., Gao, T., Zhu, Z., Zhao, Y.: Real-time face mask detection method based on YOLOv3. Electronics 10(837), 1–17 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Deshmukh, M., Deshmukh, G., Pawar, P., Deore, P.: Covid-19 mask protocol violation detection using deep learning, computer vision. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. (IRJET) 8(6), 3292–3295 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rudraraju, S.R., Suryadevara, N.K., Negi, A.: Face mask detection at the fog computing gateway 2020. In: 15th Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), pp. 521–524 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bhattarai, B., Raj Pandeya, Y., Lee, J.: Deep learning-based face mask detection using automated GUI for COVID-19. In: 6th International Conference on Machine Learning Technologies, vol. 27, pp. 47–57 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Pham-Hoang-Nam, A., Le-Thi-Tuong, V., Phung-Khanh, L., Ly-Tu, N.: Densely populated regions face masks localization and classification using deep learning models. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Research in Intelligent and Computing, pp. 71–76 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Soto-Paredes, C., Sulla-Torres, J.: Hybrid model of quantum transfer learning to classify face images with a COVID-19 mask. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 12(10), 826–836 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wang, B., Zhao, Y., Chen, P.: Hybrid transfer learning and broad learning system for wearing mask detection in the COVID-19 era. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 70, 1–12 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Cabani, A., Hammoudi, K., Benhabiles, H., Melkemi, M.: MaskedFace-Net–a dataset of correctly/incorrectly masked face images in the context of COVID-19. Smart Health 19, 1–6 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Jones, D., Christoforou, C.: Mask recognition with computer vision in the age of a pandemic. In: The International FLAIRS Conference Proceedings, vol. 34(1), pp. 1–6 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Karras, T., Laine, S., Aila, T.: A style-based generator architecture for generative adversarial networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 43(12), 4217–4228 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Das, A., Wasif Ansari, M., Basak, R.: Covid-19 face mask detection using TensorFlow, Keras and OpenCV. In: 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), pp. 1–5 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kaur, G., et al.: Face mask recognition system using CNN model. Neurosci. Inf. 2(3), 100035 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sethi, S., Kathuria, M., Mamta, T.: A real-time integrated face mask detector to curtail spread of coronavirus. Comput. Model. Eng. Sci. 127(2), 389–409 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Larxel: Face Mask Detection. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/andrewmvd/face-mask-detection. Accessed 22 Mar 2022

  20. Jangra, A.: Face Mask Detection 12K Images Dataset. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/ashishjangra27/face-mask-12k-images-dataset/metadata. Accessed 22 Mar 2022

  21. Aydemir, E., et al.: Hybrid deep feature generation for appropriate face mask use detection. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 9(4), 1–16 (2022)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Jia, Y., Shelhamer, E., Donahue, J., Karayev, S., Long, J., Girshick, R., Guadarrama, S., Darrell, T.: Caffe: convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding. In: MM 2014-Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference on Multimedia (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricia Melin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Campos, A., Melin, P., Sánchez, D. (2023). Convolutional Neural Networks for Face Detection and Face Mask Multiclass Classification. In: Abraham, A., Hong, TP., Kotecha, K., Ma, K., Manghirmalani Mishra, P., Gandhi, N. (eds) Hybrid Intelligent Systems. HIS 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 647. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27409-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics