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Targeted Therapy and Personalized Medicine

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Therapeutic Approaches in Cancer Treatment

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 185))

Abstract

Targeted therapy and personalized medicine are novel emerging disciplines of cancer research intended for treatment and prevention. One of the most significant advancements in modern oncology is the shift from an organ-centric strategy to a personalized strategy guided by deep molecular analysis. This shift in view, which focuses on the tumour’s precise molecular changes, has paved the way for individualized treatment. Researchers and clinicians are using targeted therapies to select the best treatment available based on the molecular characterization of malignant cancer. In the treatment of a cancer, personalized medicine entails the use of genetic, immunological, and proteomic profiling to provide therapeutic alternatives as well as prognostic information about cancer. In this book, targeted therapies and personalized medicine have been covered for specific malignancies, including latest FDA-approved targeted therapies and it also sheds light on effective anti-cancer regimens and drug resistance. This will help to enhance our ability to conduct individualized health planning, make early diagnoses, and choose optimal medications for each cancer patient with predictable side effects and outcomes in a quickly evolving era. Various applications and tools’ capacity have been improved for early diagnosis of cancer and the growing number of clinical trials that choose specific molecular targets reflects this predicament. Nevertheless, there are several limitations that must need to be addressed. Hence, in this chapter, we will discuss recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in personalized medicine for various cancers, with a specific emphasis on target therapies in diagnostics and therapeutics.

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Abbreviations

Acute lymphocytic leukaemia:

ALL

Acute myeloid leukaemia:

AML

Adenosine triphosphate:

ATP

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase:

ALK

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia:

CLL

Chronic myeloid (or myelogenous) leukaemia:

CML

Colorectal cancer:

CRC

Computed tomography:

CT

Cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6:

CDK 4/6

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4:

CTLA-4

Epidermal growth factor receptor:

EGFR

Fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3:

FLT3

Folate-receptor:

FR

Hepatocellular carcinoma:

HCC

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2:

HER

Internal tandem duplications:

FLT3-ITD

Magnetic resonance imaging:

MRI

Metastatic CRC:

mCRC

Multidrug resistance:

MDR

National cancer institute:

NCI

Non-small cell lung cancer:

NSCLC

Oestrogen receptor:

ER

Overall response rate:

ORR

Platelet derived growth factor receptor:

PDGFR

Poly-ADP ribose polymerase:

PARP

Positron emission tomography:

PET

Precision and personalized medicine:

PPM

Progesterone receptor:

PR

Programmed death-ligand 1:

PD-L1

Progression-free survival:

PFS

Prostate-specific antigen:

PSA

Receptor tyrosine kinase:

RTK

Relapsed/refractory:

R/R

RNA interference:

RNAi

Small interfering RNA:

SiRNA

Tyrosine kinase domain:

FLT3-TKD

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors:

TKIs

Vascular epidermal growth factor receptor:

VEGFR

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Rida Fatima Saeed, Uzma Azeem Awan, Sara Mumtaz, Nosheen Akhtar & Shaista Aslam

  2. University Centre Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Sidra Saeed

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  1. Rida Fatima Saeed
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  2. Uzma Azeem Awan
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  3. Sidra Saeed
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Correspondence to Rida Fatima Saeed .

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Asma Saleem Qazi

  2. Respiratory Medicine, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK

    Kanwal Tariq

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Saeed, R.F., Awan, U.A., Saeed, S., Mumtaz, S., Akhtar, N., Aslam, S. (2023). Targeted Therapy and Personalized Medicine. In: Qazi, A.S., Tariq, K. (eds) Therapeutic Approaches in Cancer Treatment. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 185. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_10

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