Skip to main content

Advocating for Integrated Therapy in the Social Environment to Treat Schizophrenia Problems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Psychological Interventions for Psychosis

Abstract

The historical tradition treats the schizophrenia problems from a psychiatric and almost exclusively medical, neurological, or pharmacological approach. Psychology, as a science of behaviour and human relations, has addressed some of the causes of family and social stress, and it has provided effective treatment systems to address the personal and social consequences of this problem. With the category of “psychosis” or “schizophrenia”, we are basically referring to five behaviours (delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech and motor behaviour, and low probability behaviours), which are also common to most people but with lower intensity. This chapter reviews the search for different causes in biological and medical disturbances, but we will address some of these solutions, in defence of a psychological and social approach to the problems of schizophrenia. The psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, from the cognitive-behavioural therapy, social skills training, assertive-community treatment, family intervention to the general psychoeducation, and also the programmes focused on community intervention, psychological intervention without drugs, or focused on social functions and social context. In this chapter, we present the changes that the professional approach, the family, social, economic, and even political environment could bring to improve the resolution of these problems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alhadidi, M. M. B., Abdullah, K. L., Yoong, T. L., Hadid, L. A., & Danaee, M. (2020). A systematic review or randomized controlled trial of psychoeducation interventions for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(6), 542–552. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020919475

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). APA.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2019). The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. APA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arango, C., Garibaldi, G., & Marder, S. R. (2013). Pharmacological approaches to treating negative symptoms: A review of clinical trials. Schizophrenia Research, 150(1–2), 346–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scheres.2013.07.026

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ayesa-Arriola, R., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. M., Morelli, C., Pelayo- Terán, J. M., Pérez-Iglesias, R., Mata, I., Martínez-García, O., Pardo-García, G., & Vázquez-Barquero, J. L. (2011). Insight dimensions in first-episode psychosis patients: Clinical, cognitive, pre- morbid and socio-demographic correlates. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 5, 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00249.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baez, S., Herrera, E., Villarin, L., Theil, D., González-Gadea, M. L., Gomez, P., Mosquera, M., Huepe, D., Strejilevich, S., Vigliecca, N. S., Malthaus, F., Decty, J., Manes, F., & Ibañez, A. M. (2013). Contextual social cognition impartments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PLoS One, 8(3), e57664. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057664

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bleuler, E. (1911/1993). Demencia Precoz. El grupo de las esquizofrenias (2ª ed.). [Dementia Praecox: The schizophrenia group]. Lumen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, R. W., Kreyenbuhl, J., Kelly, D. L., Noel, J. M., Boggs, D. L., Fischer, B. A., Himelhoch, S., Fang, B., Peterson, E., Aquino, P. R., & Keller, W. (2010). The 2009 schizophrenia PORT psychopharmacological treatment recommendations and summary statements. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36(1), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor-Graae, E. (2007). The contribution of social factors to the development of schizophrenia: A review of recent findings. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(5), 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370705200502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coll-Florit, M., Miranda, X., & Climent, S. (2019). Metáforas de la esquizofrenia: Un estudio sobre el discurso de afectados y profesionales [Metaphors of schizophrenia: A study of the discourse of sufferers and professionals]. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada, 32(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.16003.col

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, R. E., Laxhman, N., Crellin, N., Moncrieff, J., & Priebe, S. (2020). Psicosocial interventions for people with schizophrenia or psychosis on minimal or non-antipsychotic medication: A systematic review. Schizophrenia Research, 225, 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CPA. (2017). Canadian treatment guidelines on psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia in adults. Canadian Psychiatric Association. https://capa-apc.org

  • Crespo-Facorro, B., Bernardo, M., Argimon, J. M., Arrojo, M., Bravo-Ortiz, M. F., Cabrera-Cifuentes, A., Carretero-Roman, J., Franco-Martin, M. A., García-Portilla, P., Haro, J. M., Olivares, J. M., Panadés, R., Pino-Montes, J., Sanjuán, J., & Arango, C. (2016). Eficacia, eficiencia y efectividad en el tratamiento multidimensional de la esquizofrenia: Proyecto Rethinking [Rethinking Project: Efficacy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the multidimensional treatment of schizophrenia]. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 10(1), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2016.09.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Díaz-Garrido, J. A., Laffite, H., & Zúñiga, R. (2021). Terapia de aceptación y compromiso en psicosis: Aceptación y recuperación por niveles (ART) [Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in psychosis: Accepcance and Recovery by Levels]. Pirámide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Disky, J., Lalitha, K., Gandhi, S., Desai, G., & Nagarajaiah, P. (2015). Consumer perspectives on the concept of recovery in schizophrenia: A systematic review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 14, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2015.01.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Pais. (2004, 24 November). Terapia en directo: Un programa radiofónico elaborado por personas con enfermedad mental cumple cuatro años en Málaga [Live therapy: A radio programme produced by people with mental illness in four years old in Malaga]. (Newspaper report 24-11-2004). https://elpais.com/diario/2004/11/24/andalucia/1101252160_850215.html. Programa de radio disponible en http://www.canalmalaga.es/romper-barreras

  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (coord.) (2019). Tratamientos psicológicos para la psicosis [Psychological treatments for psychosis]. Pirámide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., & Lemos-Giráldez, S. (2019). El síndrome psicótico: Pasado, presente y futuro [The psychotic syndrome: Past, present and future]. In E. Fonseca-Pedrero (Ed.), Tratamientos psicológicos para la psicosis (pp. 25–78). [Psychological treatments for psychosis]. Pirámide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., Perona-Garcelán, S., Rodríguez-Testal, J. F., & Vallina, O. (2021). Tratamientos psicológicos para la psicosis [Psychological treatments for psychosis]. In E. Fonseca-Pedrero (Ed.), Manual de tratamientos psicológicos. Adultos (pp. 251–304). [Psychological treatment manual: Adults]. Pirámide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, D., & Garety, P. A. (2003). Connecting neurosis and psychosis: The direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 923–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00104-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • García-Montes, J. M., Pérez-Álvarez, M., & Cangas, A. J. (2006). Aproximación al abordaje clínico de los síntomas psicóticos desde la aceptación [Acceptance-based approach to the clinical management of psychotic symptoms]. Apuntes de Psicología, 24(1–3), 293–230. https://www.apuntesdepsicologia.es/index.php/revista/article/view/107/109

  • García-Valdecasas, J., & Vispe, A. (2011). Mercaderes en el templo: Hegemonía del paradigma biocomercial en psiquiatría [Merchants in the temple: Hegemony of the biocommercial paradigm in psychiatry]. Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 110, 321–341. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0211-57352011000200010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleeson, J. F. M., Krstev, H., & Killackey, E. (2007). Integration and the psychotherapies for schizophrenia and psychosis. In J. F. M. Gleeson, E. Killackey, & H. Krstev (Eds.), Psychotherapy for psychoses: Theoretical, cultural, and clinical integration (pp. 1–14). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203937976

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Goldarcre, B. (2019). Mala farma [Bad pharma]. Paidós Contextos.

    Google Scholar 

  • González-Pardo, H., & Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2007). La invención de los trastornos mentales. ¿Escuchando al fármaco o al paciente? [The invention of mental disorders: Listening the drug or the patient?]. Alianza Editorial.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gotzsche, P. (2020). Psicofármacos que matan y denegación organizada [Killing psychotropic drugs and organised denial]. Los Libros del Lince.

    Google Scholar 

  • GPC. (2009). Guía práctica clínica sobre la esquizofrenia y el trastorno psicótico incipiente [Clinical practice guideline on schizophrenia and incipient psychotic disorder]. Plan de Calidad para el Sistema Nacional de Salud del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. https://portal.guiasalud.es

  • Guerin, B. (2016). How to rethink psychology: New metaphors for understanding people and their behavior. Routledge. [Spanish translation in Editorial Tsara].

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerin, B. (2017). How to rethink mental illness: The human contexts behind the labels. Routledge. [Spanish translation in Editorial Tsara].

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerin, B. (2020a). Turning psychology into social contextual analysis. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Guerin, B. (2020b). Turning mental health into social action. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Harrow, M., Jobe, T. H., & Faull, R. N. (2012). Do all schizophrenia patients need antipsychotic treatment continuously throughout their lifetime? A 20-year longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, 42(10), 2145–2155. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712000220

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, J. A. (2003). La farmacia de los sueños [The pharmacy of dreams]. Ariel Neurociencia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannesen, J., Stubhaug, B., & Skandsen, J. (2005). Mental health services in Norway. International Psychiatry, 2(9), 13–15. https://doi.org/10.1192/S1749367600007347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnstone, L., Boyle, M., Cromby, J., Dillon, J., Harper, D., Kinderman, P., Longden, E., Pilgrim, D., & Read, J. (2018). The power threat meaning framework: Overview. British Psychological Society. (Spanish translation in Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiaría). https://focusmadrid.com/files/2020/02/El-Marco-de-Poder-Amenaza-y-Significado.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Killackey, E. (2009). Psychosocial and psychological interventions in early psychosis: Essential elements for recovery. Early Interventions in Psychiatry, 3, 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2009.00126x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kishimoto, T., Robenzadeh, A., Leucht, C., Leucht, S., Watanabe, K., Mimura, M., Borenstein, M., Kane, J. M., & Correll, C. U. (2014). Long-acting injectable vs oral antipsychotics for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(1), 192–213. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • La Colifata. (2021). Programa de radio de FM e Internet [FM and Internet radio programme] (Radio broadcast). https://lacolifata.com.ar

  • Lakerman, R. (2014). The Finnish open dialogue approach to crisis intervention in psychosis: A review. Psychotherapy in Australia, 20(3), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.267467486046068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemos, S., Vallina, O., Fernández, P., Fonseca, E., & Paino, M. (2010). Bases clínicas para un nuevo modelo de atención a las psicosis [Clinical bases for a new model of care for psychosis]. Clínica y Salud, 21(3), 299–318. https://doi.org/10.5093/cl2010v21n3a7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liberman, R. P., & Kopelowicz, A. (2005). Psychiatric rehabilitation Kaplan and Sadock ́s comprehensive textbook of Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Louise, S., Fitzpatrick, M., Strauss, C., Rossell, S. L., & Thomas, N. (2018). Mindfulness-and acceptance-based interventions for psychosis: Our current understanding and a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 192, 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martín-Murcia, F., & Cangas, A. J. (2021). The axiological structure in psychosis. En K. Fukao (eds). Psychosis, phenomenology, psychopathology, and pathophysiology (pp. 1–10). IntechOpen. https://www.interchopen.com/chapters/77050

  • McCutcheon, R. A., Merritt, K., & y Howes, O.D. (2021). Dopamine and glutamate in individuals at high risk for psychosis: A meta-analysis of in vivo imaging findings and their variability compared to controls. World Psychiatry, 20(3), 405–416. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20893

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McDonagh, M. S., Dana, T., Selph, D. T., Devine, E. B., Cantor, A., Bougatsos, C., Blanzina, I., Crusing, S., Fu, R., Kopelovich, S. L., Monroe-DeVita, M., & Haupt, D. W. (2018). Treatment for schizophrenia in adults: A systematic review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Report Nº 17(18)EHC031-EF. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK487628/

  • McFarlane, W. R. (2016). Family interventions for schizophrenia and the psychoses: A review. Family Process, 55(3), 460–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mesa-Velasco, R., García-Navarro, B., Nieto-Campos, A., & San Román-Mata, S. (2021). El tratamiento asertivo comunitario en pacientes de salud mental en España: Características y situación actual [Assertive community treatment in mental health patients in Spain: Characteristics and current situation]. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 13(3), 347–362. https://doi.org/10.58727/jshr.91213

  • NICE. (2014). Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: Treatment and management. National Clinical Guideline N° 178. National Collaborating Center for Mental Health/National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Omachi, Y., & Sumiyoshi, T. (2018). Dose reduction/discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs in psychosis; Effect on cognition and functional outcomes. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 447. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.218.00447

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ordoñez, N., Lemos, S., Paino, M., Fonseca, E., García, L., & Pizarro, J. P. (2012). Relación entre psicosis y experiencias traumáticas tempranas [Relationship between psychosis and early traumatic experiences]. Anuario de Psicología, 44(3), 283–294. https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/Anuario-psicologia/article/download/11105/13854/0

  • Pankey, J., & Hayes, S. (2003). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychosis. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 3(2), 331–328. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/560/56030212.pdf

  • Parnas, J., & Handest, P. (2003). Phenomenology of anomalous self- experience in early schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1053/comp.2003.50017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2003). Las cuatro causas de los trastornos psicológicos [The four causes of psychological disorders]. Editorial Universitas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2008). Hiperreflexivility as a condition of mental disorder: A clinical and historical perspective. Psicothema, 20(2), 181–187. https://www.psicothema.com/pdf/3445.pdf

  • Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2019). Diagnóstico más allá de los síntomas: Un enfoque centrado en el mundo de la vida de las personas [Diagnosis beyond symptoms: An approach centred on the world of people’s lives]. Cuadernos de Psiquiatría Comunitaria, 16(1), 22–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Álvarez, M., & García-Montes, J. M. (2006). Entendimiento filosófico de la esquizofrenia [Philosophical understanding of schizophrenia]. Apuntes de Psicología, 24(1–3), 11–29. https://www.apuntesdepsicologia.es/index.php/revista/article/view/69/71

  • Petronis, A. (2004). Schizophrenia, neurodevelopment, and epigenetics. In M. S. Keshavan, J. L. Kennedy, & R. M. Murray (Eds.), Neurodevelopment and schizophrenia (pp. 174–190). Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, L. J., Francey, S. M., Leicester, S. B., Bechdolf, A., & Morrison, A. P. (2007). Development of psychotherapy in the pre-psychosis phase: Comparison of three approaches Australia, Germany, and UK. In J. F. M. Gleeson, E. Killackey, & H. Krstev (Eds.), Psychotherapy for psychoses: Theoretical, cultural, and clinical integration (pp. 117–134). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203937976

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkham, A. E. (2014). Social cognition in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 75(2), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.13065su1.04

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramnerö, J., & Törneke, N. (2008). The ABCs of human behavior: Behavioral principles for the practicing clinician. Context Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • RANZ-CP. (2016). Clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders. Royal Australian and new Zeeland College of Psychiatrist. https://www.ranzep.org/home

  • Read, J., Perry, B. D., Moskowitz, A., & Connolly, J. (2001). The contribution of early traumatic events to schizophrenia in some patients: A traumagenic neurodevelopmental model. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 64, 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.64.4.319.18602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridenour, J. M., Hamm, J. A., & Czaja, M. (2019). A review of psychotherapeutic models and treatments for psychosis. Psychosis, 11(3), 248–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2019.1615111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruddle, A., Mason, O., & Wykes, T. (2011). A review of hearing voices groups: Evidence and mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(5), 757–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.03.010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SEP. (2000). Consenso español de expertos para recomendaciones de actuación en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia [Spanish expert consensus for recommendations for action in the treatment of schizophrenia]. Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría. http://www.p3-info.es/PDF/SEP.pdf

  • Shrivastava, A. (2020). Schizophrenia treatment outcomes: An evidence-based approach to recovery. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sin, J., Guillard, S., Spain, D., Cornelius, V., Chen, T., & Henderson, C. (2017). Effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions for family cares of people with psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 56, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, D. T., McGlanaghy, E., Cuijpers, P., van der Gaag, M., Karyotaki, E., & MacBeth, A. (2018). A meta-analysis of social skills training and related interventions for psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(3), 475–491. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ulland, D., Andersen, A. J. W., Larsen, I. B., & Seikkyla, J. (2014). Generating dialogical practices in mental health: Experiences from Southern Norway, 1998–2008. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 41, 410–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0479-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valtanen, K. (2019). The psychiatrist’s role in implementing open dialogue model of care. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 40(3), 319–329. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Os, J. (2010). The environment and schizophrenia. Nature, 468, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09563

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Os, J. (2016). “Schizophrenia” does not exist. British Medical Journal, 352, i375. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i375

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderlip, E. R., Henwood, B. F., Hrouda, D. R., Meyer, P. S., Monroe-DeVita, M., Studer, L. M., Schweikhard, A. J., & Moser, L. (2017). Systematic literature review of general health care intervention within programs of assertive community treatment. Psychiatric Services, 68(3), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1176/appl.ps.201600100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ventura-Martins, M. J. R., Castilho, P., Barreto-Carvalho, C., Pereira, A. T., Santos, V., Gumley, A., & Ferreria, A. (2017). Contextual cognitive-behavioral therapies across the psychosis continuum. European Psychologist, 22(2), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WHO. (2019). International coding of deseases. World Health Organization. https://icd.who.int/es

  • Wilkinson, G., Piccinelli, M., Falloon, I. A., & Kreakorian, H. (1995). An evaluation of community-based psychiatric care for people with treated long-term mental illness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.1.26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, L., Williams, C., Billings, J., & Johnson, S. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive behavioural informed psychological interventions for psychiatric inpatients with psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 220, 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2008). WHO Europe: Policies and practices for mental health in Europe. Meet the challenges. http:/www.euro.who.int/_data/assets/pdf_file/0006/96450E91732.pdf

  • Wunderink, L., Roeline, M., Nieboer, M., Wiersma, D., Sytema, S., & Nienhuis, F. J. (2013). Recovery in emitted first-episode psychosis at 7 years of follow-up of an early dose reduction/discontinuation or maintenance treatment strategy. Long-term follow-up of a 2-year randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(9), 913–920. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zubin, J., & Spring, B. (1977). Vulnerability: A new view of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86(2), 103.126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.86.2.103

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis Valero-Aguayo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Valero-Aguayo, L., Valenzuela-Hernández, M., Oneca de Miguel, S., Ruiz-Sánchez, J.J., Díaz-Garrido, J.A. (2023). Advocating for Integrated Therapy in the Social Environment to Treat Schizophrenia Problems. In: Díaz-Garrido, J.A., Zúñiga, R., Laffite, H., Morris, E. (eds) Psychological Interventions for Psychosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27003-1_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics