Abstract
Biolubricants might represent an alternative for lubricants obtained from fossil fuels, presenting many advantages such as sustainability, environment-friendly characteristics or higher flash and combustion points (implying safety during storage or shipping). One way to produce biolubricants is through double transesterification of vegetable oils with different alcohols, obtaining interesting intermediate products such as fatty acid methyl esters, glycerol, or methanol (which can be re-used in the process). Thus, this procedure might be suitable for biorefinery implementation, promoting many of the sustainable development goals established by the UN. This way, the main quality parameters of a biolubricant (mainly oxidative stability and viscosity) are dependent on two main factors, that is, the raw material used (for instance, vegetable oils) and the alcohols applied (methanol or ethanol for the first transesterification and superior alcohols for the second transesterification). The aim of this work was to assess quality parameters (oxidative stability and viscosity, among others) in biolubricants obtained from different raw materials (cardoon, waste cooking oil, rapeseed and safflower oils) through double transesterification with different superior alcohols (pentaerythritol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol). As a conclusion, raw material seemed to have a strong influence on oxidative stability, with higher oleic acid content promoting higher oxidative stabilities (up to 6 h), whereas the superior alcohol influenced on viscosity (ranging from 20 to 80 cSt), depending on the complexity of the alcohol used. Consequently, the selection of the right vegetable oil and alcohol is crucial to produce a biolubricant for a certain industrial use.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Junta de Extremadura and FEDER for the financial support (“Junta de Extremadura, Ayudas para la realización de actividades de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico, de divulgación y de transferencia de conocimiento por los Grupos de Investigación de Extremadura” and “Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (Una manera de hacer Europa)” GR21139 and IB18028, respectively).
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Nogales-Delgado, S., Encinar, J.M., González, J.F. (2023). Biolubricant Production from Vegetable Oils Through Double Transesterification: Influence of Fatty Acid Composition and Alcohol on Quality Parameters. In: Duque de Brito, P.S., et al. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2022). ICoWEFS 2022. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26849-6_11
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